{
 "id": "person/idris-senussi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "idris-senussi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمد إدريس السنوسي",
  "en": "Idris of Libya",
  "ur": "محمد ادریس سنوسی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ملك ليبيا (1889–1983)؛ وُلد بالجغبوب، وخلف ابن عمه أحمد الشريف في زعامة الطريقة السنوسية 1916، وصار أمير برقة ثم طرابلس، فنُفي إلى مصر زمن الاستعمار الإيطالي، ثم أُعلن ملكًا على المملكة الليبية المتحدة في 24 ديسمبر 1951 حتى أطاح به انقلاب 1 سبتمبر 1969، فعاش منفيًا في القاهرة حيث توفي ودُفن بالبقيع في المدينة المنورة.",
  "en": "King of Libya (1889–1983). Born at Jaghbub, he succeeded his cousin Ahmed Sharif as head of the Senussi order in 1916, became Emir of Cyrenaica and then of Tripolitania, spent the Italian colonial period in exile in Egypt, and was proclaimed king of the United Kingdom of Libya on 24 December 1951; deposed by the coup of 1 September 1969, he lived in exile in Cairo, where he died, and was buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina.",
  "ur": "لیبیا کے بادشاہ (1889–1983)؛ جغبوب میں پیدا ہوئے، 1916 میں اپنے چچا زاد احمد الشریف کے بعد سنوسی سلسلے کے سربراہ بنے، برقہ اور پھر طرابلس کے امیر ہوئے، اطالوی دور میں مصر میں جلاوطنی گزاری، اور 24 دسمبر 1951 کو متحدہ مملکتِ لیبیا کے بادشاہ قرار پائے؛ یکم ستمبر 1969 کی بغاوت میں معزول ہو کر قاہرہ میں جلاوطنی میں وفات پائی اور مدینہ کے جنت البقیع میں دفن ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1889.1934125957412,
  "latest": 1983.3965789851632
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1889-03-12",
   "hijri": "1306",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and French articles' texts give 12 March 1889 at Jaghbub, noting that some sources give the year as 1890; the Urdu article's infobox also gives 12 March 1889. Both other infoboxes, the Arabic article's lead and its life section give 1890, the Arabic pairing the day with 20 Rajab 1307 AH (12 March 1890), and Wikidata carries both 1889-03-12 and 1890-03-12. The English and French body-text date is followed, with the 1890 tradition disclosed; the lane queue also gives 1889. Jaghbub has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-idris-senussi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1983-05-25",
   "hijri": "1403",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in Cairo on 25 May 1983 (all articles); buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina (English and Arabic articles).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "محمد إدريس بن محمد المهدي السنوسي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Idris I",
    "kind": "regnal"
   },
   {
    "value": "إدريس الأول",
    "kind": "regnal"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "emir"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1889-03-12",
   "hijri": "1306",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and French articles' texts give 12 March 1889 at Jaghbub, noting that some sources give the year as 1890; the Urdu article's infobox also gives 12 March 1889. Both other infoboxes, the Arabic article's lead and its life section give 1890, the Arabic pairing the day with 20 Rajab 1307 AH (12 March 1890), and Wikidata carries both 1889-03-12 and 1890-03-12. The English and French body-text date is followed, with the 1890 tradition disclosed; the lane queue also gives 1889. Jaghbub has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-idris-senussi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1983-05-25",
   "hijri": "1403",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in Cairo on 25 May 1983 (all articles); buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina (English and Arabic articles).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Two independent article texts name his order membership personally, in the Talat Pasha pattern. The English text states that he was born into the Senussi Order and headed it from 1916; the Arabic text likewise states that he was born a member of the Senussi order and became its leader on his cousin's abdication. Both articles describe the Senusiyya as a Sufi order. His hereditary headship alone would not suffice; the membership statements carry this recording. No school is recorded alongside it: the English and French infoboxes give Sunni Islam, but no article text names a school for him personally — the texts call the Senussi themselves a revivalist Sunni movement, a description of the order as a body.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
     "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q116430"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-en",
   "source/wikipedia-idris-senussi-ur",
   "source/wikidata-idris-senussi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, French, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Idris of Libya, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1377749507, FR 240485727, AR 76339850, UR 11477398) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q116430 (revision 2558581482). Existence checks by name fragments (Senussi, al-Sanusi, Idris, السنوسي, إدريس) and by QID across data/person and data/source found no prior record for Idris himself; his father Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi and his grandfather Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, founder of the order, already have records and are different people. The lane queue gives 1889–1983; the birth year is contested (1890 in several witnesses) and is recorded as debated.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-58"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "محمد إدريس بن محمد المهدي السنوسي (12 مارس 1889 – 25 مايو 1983؛ وتذكر المقالة العربية سنة 1890) ملك ليبيا من 24 ديسمبر 1951 حتى الإطاحة به في 1 سبتمبر 1969، وقبل ذلك زعيم الطريقة السنوسية وأمير برقة وطرابلس.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته",
     "markdown": "وُلد بالجغبوب، مركز الحركة السنوسية، ابنًا لمحمد المهدي السنوسي وحفيدًا لمحمد بن علي السنوسي مؤسس الطريقة السنوسية الصوفية، وينص مطلع المقالة العربية على أنه وُلد فردًا في الطريقة السنوسية وورث موقع جده فصار زعيمها.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زعامة الطريقة",
     "markdown": "خلف سنة 1916 ابن عمه أحمد الشريف في زعامة الطريقة، فأوقف هجماتها على القوات البريطانية في مصر ودخل في تسويات مع إيطاليا انتهت باتفاق الرجمة سنة 1920 الذي اعترف به أميرًا على برقة، ثم عُرضت عليه إمارة طرابلس سنة 1922. ومع استكمال إيطاليا احتلال ليبيا لجأ إلى منفى طويل في مصر.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الملك",
     "markdown": "بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية قررت الأمم المتحدة استقلال ليبيا، فأُعلن إدريس ملكًا على المملكة الليبية المتحدة في 24 ديسمبر 1951. حظر الأحزاب السياسية وحوّل المملكة إلى دولة وحدوية سنة 1963 وأشرف على بدايات الطفرة النفطية، حتى أطاح به ضباط الجيش بقيادة معمر القذافي في 1 سبتمبر 1969 وهو في تركيا للعلاج.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "عاش منفيًا في القاهرة حيث توفي في 25 مايو 1983، ودُفن في مقبرة البقيع بالمدينة المنورة.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/idris-senussi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Idris (Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi; 12 March 1889 – 25 May 1983) was King of Libya from 24 December 1951 until his overthrow on 1 September 1969, and before that head of the Senussi order and Emir of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "He was born at Jaghbub, the headquarters of the Senussi movement — the English and French texts give 12 March 1889, while some sources, and the Arabic article, give 1890 — a son of Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi and a grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, founder of the Senussi Sufi order.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Head of the order",
     "markdown": "In 1916 he succeeded his cousin Ahmed Sharif as chief of the Senussi order, ended the order's attacks on British forces in Egypt, and negotiated the settlements of al-Zuwaytina and Acroma with Italy; in 1920 the Accord of al-Rajma recognised him as Emir of Cyrenaica, and in 1922 the Tripolitanians offered him their emirate too.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en} As Italy reconquered Libya he withdrew into long exile in Egypt.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "King",
     "markdown": "After the Second World War the United Nations resolved on Libyan independence, and Idris was proclaimed king of the federal United Kingdom of Libya on 24 December 1951.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en} He banned political parties, made the kingdom a unitary state in 1963, and presided over the first oil boom. While he was in Turkey for medical treatment, army officers under Muammar Gaddafi deposed him on 1 September 1969.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He lived in exile in Cairo, where he died on 25 May 1983; he was buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina.{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-fr}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/idris-senussi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمد ادریس بن محمد المہدی سنوسی (12 مارچ 1889 – 25 مئی 1983؛ عربی مقالہ 1890 دیتا ہے) 24 دسمبر 1951 سے یکم ستمبر 1969 میں معزولی تک لیبیا کے بادشاہ رہے، اور اس سے پہلے سنوسی سلسلے کے سربراہ اور برقہ و طرابلس کے امیر تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی",
     "markdown": "وہ سنوسی تحریک کے مرکز جغبوب میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے والد محمد المہدی سنوسی اور دادا محمد بن علی سنوسی سنوسی صوفی سلسلے کے بانی تھے۔ عربی مقالے کے مطابق وہ سنوسی سلسلے کے فرد کے طور پر پیدا ہوئے اور اپنے دادا کے منصب کے وارث بن کر اس کے زعیم ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سلسلے کی سربراہی",
     "markdown": "1916 میں انہوں نے اپنے چچا زاد احمد الشریف کے بعد سلسلے کی قیادت سنبھالی، مصر میں برطانوی افواج پر حملے بند کیے اور اٹلی سے معاہدے کیے؛ 1920 کے معاہدۂ رجمہ نے انہیں امیرِ برقہ تسلیم کیا اور 1922 میں طرابلس کی امارت بھی پیش کی گئی۔ اٹلی کے دوبارہ قبضے پر وہ مصر میں طویل جلاوطنی میں رہے۔{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بادشاہت",
     "markdown": "دوسری جنگِ عظیم کے بعد اقوامِ متحدہ نے لیبیا کی آزادی کا فیصلہ کیا اور 24 دسمبر 1951 کو ادریس متحدہ مملکتِ لیبیا کے بادشاہ قرار پائے۔ انہوں نے سیاسی جماعتوں پر پابندی لگائی، 1963 میں مملکت کو وحدانی ریاست بنایا اور تیل کی ابتدائی خوشحالی کی نگرانی کی، یہاں تک کہ یکم ستمبر 1969 کو معمر قذافی کی قیادت میں فوجی افسروں نے انہیں معزول کر دیا جب وہ علاج کے لیے ترکی میں تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "وہ قاہرہ میں جلاوطنی میں رہے، وہیں 25 مئی 1983 کو انتقال ہوا اور مدینہ منورہ کے جنت البقیع میں دفن ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ur}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-idris-senussi-en}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/idris-senussi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan",
  "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
  "person/hamid-aytac",
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi",
  "person/sultan-al-atrash",
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad",
  "person/muhammad-zafrullah-khan",
  "person/abdul-majid-sindhi",
  "person/mohammad-ali-araki",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/fawzi-al-qawuqji"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
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  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-al-mahdi-al-sanusi",
   "type": "child_of",
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   "sources": [
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  {
   "to": "person/muammar-gaddafi",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muammar-gaddafi-en",
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 ],
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  "concept/haram-al-madina",
  "concept/judaism-in-arabia",
  "concept/medina-society-at-hijra",
  "concept/utum-yathrib"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}