{
 "id": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
 "label": {
  "en": "Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl",
  "ar": "عكرمة بن أبي جهل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "Son of Abu Jahl: a leader of the Meccan opposition who was pardoned at the conquest of Mecca, became a Muslim, and died fighting under the banner of Islam on the Syrian front.",
  "ar": "ابن أبي جهل: من قادة المعارضة المكية، أُمن يوم الفتح فأسلم، وقُتل يقاتل تحت راية الإسلام في جبهة الشام."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles",
  "converts-and-leavers"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 585.0023614447935,
  "latest": 637.0006913214875
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0585~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0636~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at the Yarmuk (or at Ajnadayn in some accounts), 15 AH / ~636 CE.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/tabari-donner-1993"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "عكرمة بن عمرو بن هشام المخزومي"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0585~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0636~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at the Yarmuk (or at Ajnadayn in some accounts), 15 AH / ~636 CE.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/tabari-donner-1993"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "general"
  ],
  "traditions": [],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "military-opponent",
    "toward": "group/early-muslims",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0624"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Fought on the Meccan side at Uhud and commanded a wing at the conquest, where his group alone offered resistance.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Fled toward Yemen after the conquest, was pardoned at his wife Umm Hakim's intercession, and returned to pledge Islam.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "commander",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0632"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0636"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Led troops against Musaylima in the Ridda wars, then on the Syrian front, where he was killed.",
    "sources": [
     "source/tabari-donner-1993",
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "martyr",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0636"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "The tradition counts his death at the Yarmuk a martyrdom — a deliberate reversal, in its telling, of his father's death at Badr.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "arabian-polytheism",
    "basis": "documented",
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   },
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "note": "Late convert under the Prophet's general amnesty.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/tabari-donner-1993"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "ورث عكرمة بن أبي جهل قتال أبيه — قاد المقاومة المسلحة الوحيدة يوم فتح مكة — ثم أسلم فصار جنديًّا تحت راية الدين الجديد ومات قائدًا. حياته في التراث صورة ابن الخصم الذي صار جنديًّا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "قاتل في الصف المكي سنين الحرب وقاد الفئة الوحيدة التي قاومت داخل مكة [[event/conquest-of-mecca|يوم الفتح]] — ثم فرّ نحو اليمن. فلحقته امرأته أم حكيم بأمان النبي، فرجع عكرمة فبايع {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nوفي عهد أبي بكر قاد الجند على مسيلمة في حروب الردة، ثم سار إلى الشام؛ فقُتل بـ[[event/battle-of-yarmuk|اليرموك]] نحو سنة 636م {cite:tabari-donner-1993}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "يرسم التراث الخط صريحًا: الأب قُتل يقاتل النبي ببدر، والابن قُتل يقاتل لجماعة النبي باليرموك."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "صار ابن أعدى أعداء الإسلام جنديًّا فيه — ومات الموتة التي ماتها أبوه، في الجانب الآخر."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Ikrima, son of [[person/abu-jahl|Abu Jahl]], inherited his father's fight — commanded the only armed resistance at the conquest of Mecca — and then became a Muslim and died a commander under the new faith. His life is the tradition's emblem of the enemy's son turned soldier."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "He fought on the Meccan side through the war years and led the one group that resisted inside Mecca at the [[event/conquest-of-mecca|conquest]] — then fled toward Yemen. His wife Umm Hakim went after him with the Prophet's letter of safety, and Ikrima returned to pledge Islam {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nUnder Abu Bakr he commanded against Musaylima in the Ridda wars, then marched to Syria; he was killed at the [[event/battle-of-yarmuk|Yarmuk]], around 636 CE {cite:tabari-donner-1993}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "The tradition draws the line explicitly: the father killed fighting the Prophet at Badr, the son killed fighting for the Prophet's community at the Yarmuk."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The son of Islam's greatest enemy became one of its soldiers — and died the same death his father died, on the opposite side."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/heraclius",
  "person/hind-bint-utba",
  "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
  "person/malik-ibn-awf",
  "person/salman-al-farisi"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/yarmuk",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-jahl",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-hakim-bint-al-harith",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-makhzum",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "fought",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "resistance-commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-yarmuk",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "muslim-commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/tabari-donner-1993"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "converted_under",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "قطع يد معاذ بن عمرو (الرحيق ص221)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "group/early-muslims",
  "group/quraysh",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
  "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
  "place/mecca",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "event/battle-of-badr"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}