{
 "id": "person/inayat-khan-historian",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "inayat-khan-historian",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عناية خان",
  "en": "Inayat Khan",
  "ur": "عنایت خان"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "محمد طاهر (1628 – 1671)، المعروف بلقبه عناية خان، مؤرخ هندي في سلطنة مغول الهند، صاحب «شاهجهان نامه»، وهو تلخيص لتاريخ شاه جهان مستمد من تقليد البادشاه نامه. كان ابن الوزير ظفر خان، حاكم كابل وكشمير في عهد شاه جهان، وخدم داروغا ومسؤولًا في المكتبة السلطانية، وكان من المقربين إلى الإمبراطور، ثم اعتزل إلى كشمير حيث توفي.",
  "en": "Muhammad Tahir (1628 - 1671), known by his title Inayat Khan, was an Indian historian of the Mughal Empire, author of the Shahjahannama, an abridged history of Shah Jahan drawn from the Badshahnama tradition. He was the son of Zafar Khan, Jahangir's wazir and under Shah Jahan governor of Kabul and of Kashmir; he served as a darogha and as an officer of the Imperial Library, was a close companion of the emperor, and retired to Kashmir, where he died.",
  "ur": "محمد طاہر ⁦(1628ء – 1671ء)⁩، جو اپنے خطاب عنایت خان سے معروف ہیں، مغلیہ سلطنت کے مؤرخ تھے اور «شاہ جہاں نامہ» کے مصنف، جو بادشاہ نامہ کی روایت سے ماخوذ شاہ جہاں کی مختصر تاریخ ہے۔ وہ وزیر ظفر خان کے بیٹے تھے، جو جہانگیر کے وزیر اور شاہ جہاں کے عہد میں کابل و کشمیر کے صوبیدار رہے؛ عنایت خان داروغہ اور شاہی کتب خانے کے افسر رہے، شہنشاہ کے قریبی ساتھی تھے، اور پھر کشمیر میں اقامت اختیار کی جہاں ان کا انتقال ہوا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1627.9998220360444,
  "latest": 1672.0007255453252
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1628",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "All three articles agree he was born in 1628, the year of Shah Jahan's accession, and that he received a mansab in 1635 in the seventh year of his life; the Urdu article pairs the birth year with 1037 AH. No Hijri year is set in the block, since a bare Gregorian year spans two Hijri years. No article text names his birthplace (Wikidata's structured statement names Agra, which is not relied on), so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1671",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The articles divide against themselves. The English and Arabic leads give 1671 while their bodies say he died in Kashmir in 1666; the Urdu lead gives 1666 while its body gives his death in Kashmir in 1081 AH / 1671. The year 1671 is built — the reading of both leads, of the Urdu body with its Hijri pairing, and of Wikidata's statement — with the 1666 reading preserved here. Kashmir has no place entity on main, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Muhammad Tahir",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Inayat Khan",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ashna",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "historian",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1628",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "All three articles agree he was born in 1628, the year of Shah Jahan's accession, and that he received a mansab in 1635 in the seventh year of his life; the Urdu article pairs the birth year with 1037 AH. No Hijri year is set in the block, since a bare Gregorian year spans two Hijri years. No article text names his birthplace (Wikidata's structured statement names Agra, which is not relied on), so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1671",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The articles divide against themselves. The English and Arabic leads give 1671 while their bodies say he died in Kashmir in 1666; the Urdu lead gives 1666 while its body gives his death in Kashmir in 1081 AH / 1671. The year 1671 is built — the reading of both leads, of the Urdu body with its Hijri pairing, and of Wikidata's statement — with the 1666 reading preserved here. Kashmir has no place entity on main, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Wikidata files only generic Islam for him, and structured data never settles faith; no article text names a school or an order for Muhammad Tahir himself. He was a court historian — a mansab-holder from childhood, a darogha, an officer of the Imperial Library and the emperor's close companion — and office and companionship settle nothing. His pen name was Ashna. Recorded unknown, unflagged, under the founder rulings (generic structured Islam gives unknown).",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
     "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
     "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q16847057"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en",
   "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur",
   "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia (revision 1371712525 of 28 August 2026), Arabic Wikipedia (revision 71928272 of 3 September 2025), Urdu Wikipedia (revision 7745509 of 13 April 2025) and Wikidata Q16847057 (item revision 2494135640 of 19 May 2026), fetched live in-session on 1 November 2026; the QID was grounded from the English article's own page property, the Arabic and Urdu articles agreeing, and the item revision re-asserted identical against a second live query. Existence checked against origin/main before building — no prior record holds this man, by slug, by name fragment or by QID. Identity care: this record is the Mughal chronicler Muhammad Tahir, titled Inayat Khan, author of the Shahjahannama — NOT Hazrat Inayat Khan (1882-1927), the Sufi teacher, whose record person/hazrat-inayat-khan (Q120411) exists on main and whose provenance already names this historian's item Q16847057 as a different man; the slug is differentiated accordingly and the disambiguation stated here. Neither is he Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh, the chronicler's contemporary and a different court writer. Queue correction, flagged: the queue row gives 1603-1671; the articles give his birth in 1628 (the year of Shah Jahan's accession, a mansab at seven in 1635), so 1603 is unsupported and 1628 is built.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-171m"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "محمد طاهر (1628 – 1671)، المعروف بلقبه عناية خان، مؤرخ في سلطنة مغول الهند، صاحب «شاهجهان نامه» الذي سجّل فيه حياة الإمبراطور شاه جهان وحكمه {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}. وهو رجل آخر غير حضرت عناية خان، المعلم الصوفي في القرن العشرين {cite:wikidata-inayat-khan-historian}. وتختلف المقالات في سنة وفاته — 1671 في المطلع، و1666 في المتن — ويحفظ السجلّ الروايتين {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته في البلاط",
     "markdown": "وُلد عناية خان سنة 1628، وهي سنة اعتلاء شاه جهان العرش، وحصل في 1635، في السنة السابعة من عمره، على منصب مناسب كما يخبرنا بنفسه {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}. وأُرسل للانضمام إلى والده في كشمير، فصار داروغا ثم تولى مكتبًا في المكتبة السلطانية {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}. وكان أبوه ظفر خان وزير جهانكير، وفي عهد شاه جهان حكم كابل ثم كشمير، وفي حكمه الأخير فتح التبت، ثم عُيّن على إدارة ثاتا؛ واشتهر شاعرًا وراعيًا للأدب وحاكمًا عادلًا معتدلًا {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}. وكان جده لأمه سيف خان حاكم أغرة {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "شاهجهان نامه واعتزاله",
     "markdown": "تاريخه «شاهجهان نامه» تلخيص لتقليد البادشاه نامه، يختصر التاريخ الرسمي لعهد شاه جهان {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}. وكان عناية خان صديقًا مقربًا لشاه جهان؛ وبعد تقاعده استقر في كشمير حيث توفي — سنة 1666 بحسب متن المقالتين الإنجليزية والعربية، وسنة 1671 بحسب مطلعيهما وحساب المقالة الأردية التي تؤرخ الوفاة بسنة 1081 هـ {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}. وكان تخلّصه في الشعر «آشنا» {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/inayat-khan-historian",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Muhammad Tahir (1628 – 1671), known by his title Inayat Khan, was a historian of the Mughal Empire whose Shahjahannama chronicled the life and reign of Shah Jahan {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}. He is a different man from Hazrat Inayat Khan, the Sufi teacher of the twentieth century {cite:wikidata-inayat-khan-historian}. The articles divide on his death year — 1671 in the leads, 1666 in the bodies — and the record preserves both {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "A courtier's upbringing",
     "markdown": "Inayat Khan was born in 1628, the year Shah Jahan came to the throne, and received a mansab in 1635 at the age of seven, as he informs us himself {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}. He was sent to join his father in Kashmir, became a darogha, and afterwards held an office in the Imperial Library {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ar}. His father Zafar Khan had been Jahangir's wazir and under Shah Jahan governed Kabul and then Kashmir, where he effected the conquest of Tibet, and later administered Thatta; he was celebrated as a poet, a patron of letters and a just ruler {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}. His maternal grandfather Saif Khan governed Agra {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Shahjahannama and retirement",
     "markdown": "His history, the Shahjahannama, is an abridgement of the Badshahnama tradition, condensing the official history of Shah Jahan's reign {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}. Inayat Khan was a close friend of Shah Jahan; in retirement he settled in Kashmir, where he died — in 1666 by the bodies of the English and Arabic articles, in 1671 by their leads and by the Urdu article's account, which dates the death to 1081 AH {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}. His pen name was Ashna {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/inayat-khan-historian",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمد طاہر (1628ء – 1671ء)، جو اپنے خطاب عنایت خان سے معروف ہیں، مغلیہ سلطنت کے مؤرخ تھے جن کی «شاہ جہاں نامہ» نے شہنشاہ شاہ جہاں کی زندگی اور دور کو بیان کیا {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}۔ وہ بیسویں صدی کے صوفی استاد حضرت عنایت خان سے مختلف شخص ہیں {cite:wikidata-inayat-khan-historian}۔ ان کی وفات کے سال میں مضامین مختلف ہیں — عنوانات میں 1671ء، متن میں 1666ء — اور ریکارڈ دونوں روایتیں محفوظ رکھتا ہے {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "دربار میں پرورش",
     "markdown": "عنایت خان 1628ء میں پیدا ہوئے، جس سال شاہ جہاں تخت نشین ہوا، اور 1635ء میں سات سال کی عمر میں انھیں سرکاری منصب ملا، جیسا کہ وہ خود بتاتے ہیں {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}۔ انھیں کشمیر میں والد کے پاس بھیجا گیا، وہ داروغہ بنے اور بعد میں شاہی کتب خانے کا عہدہ سنبھالا {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}۔ ان کے والد ظفر خان جہانگیر کے وزیر تھے اور شاہ جہاں کے عہد میں کابل، پھر کشمیر کے صوبیدار رہے، جہاں انھوں نے تبت سے تعلقات قائم کیے، اور بعد میں ٹھٹہ کے صوبیدار بنے؛ وہ فارسی کے بہترین شاعر بھی تھے {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}۔ ان کے نانا سیف خان آگرہ کے صوبیدار تھے {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "شاہ جہاں نامہ اور آخری سال",
     "markdown": "ان کی تاریخ «شاہ جہاں نامہ» بادشاہ نامہ کی روایت کا اختصار ہے، جو شاہ جہاں کے عہد کی سرکاری تاریخ کو مختصر کرتی ہے {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}۔ عنایت خان شاہ جہاں کے قریبی دوستوں میں شمار ہوتے تھے؛ آخری عمر میں انھوں نے کشمیر میں اقامت اختیار کی جہاں ان کا انتقال ہوا — انگریزی و عربی مضامین کے متن کے مطابق 1666ء میں، اور ان کے عنوانات و اردو مضمون کے بیان کے مطابق 1081ھ / 1671ء میں {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur} {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-en}۔ ان کا تخلص «آشنا» تھا {cite:wikipedia-inayat-khan-historian-ur}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/inayat-khan-historian",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-baqi-al-zurkani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-baghdadi",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-fasi",
  "person/abd-al-rauf-al-sinkili",
  "person/abdullah-qutb-shah",
  "person/abu-salim-al-ayyashi",
  "person/abul-hasan-qutb-shah",
  "person/ahmad-al-zarqani-al-maliki",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-al-rijal",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-yahya-al-karmi",
  "person/al-haskafi-muhammad-ibn-ali",
  "person/al-hurr-al-amili"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-09",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/agra",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "note": "Place link from Wikidata; pending a second source.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/kashmir",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "note": "Place link from Wikidata; pending a second source.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikidata-inayat-khan-historian"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/agra-fort",
  "building/chauburj-agra",
  "building/humayun-mosque-kachhpura",
  "building/ram-bagh-agra",
  "building/taj-mahal",
  "building/tomb-of-akbar-sikandra",
  "concept/chaharbagh",
  "event/battle-of-jajau-1707"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}