{
 "id": "person/ismail-al-saffak",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ismail-al-saffak",
 "label": {
  "ar": "إسماعيل السفاك الأخيضري",
  "en": "Ismail al-Saffak al-Ukhaydhiri"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "إسماعيل بن يوسف بن إبراهيم بن موسى الجون العلوي، الملقب بالسفاك؛ خرج في أعراب الحجاز سنة 251هـ فقصد مكة فهرب عاملها جعفر بسباسات وانتهب منازل أصحاب السلطان وقتل جماعة من الجند وأهل مكة وأخذ الذهب والفضة وكسوة الكعبة وأقام في ذلك خمسين يوماً، وسار إلى المدينة فحاصرها حتى مات أهلها جوعاً ولم يُصلَّ أحد في مسجدها، واستباح جدة وأخذ أموال التجار، وخطب لنفسه بمكة، وكان يتردد بالحجاز منذ اثنتين وعشرين سنة ومات ولم يعقب، فولي مكانه أخوه محمد الأخيضر مؤسس ملك اليمامة.",
  "en": "Ismail ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Jawn the Alid, called al-Saffak ('the shedder of blood'); he rose among the Hijaz Arabs in 251, drove Mecca's governor Ja'far out, plundered the caliphal households, killed troops and townsfolk, took the gold, silver and the Ka'ba's kiswa and looted for fifty days — then besieged Medina until its people starved and none prayed in the Prophet's mosque, sacked Jeddah's merchants, and had himself named in the khutba at Mecca; after twenty-two years haunting the Hijaz he died heirless and his brother Muhammad al-Ukhaydhir founded the Yamama kingship."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 887.0017180366469,
  "latest": 888.001054094166
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0887~",
   "hijri": "0273~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "مات بعد اثنتين وعشرين سنة من خروجه سنة 251هـ؛ التاريخ تقريبي.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "military-commander"
  ],
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0887~",
   "hijri": "0273~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "مات بعد اثنتين وعشرين سنة من خروجه سنة 251هـ؛ التاريخ تقريبي.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "ابن خلدون، العبر — دولة بني الأخيضر، خبر إسماعيل السفاك، ص962 (طبعة هيليوبوليس)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-ibar-east-29"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Ibn Khaldun al-Ibar via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "إسماعيل بن يوسف بن إبراهيم بن موسى الجون العلوي، الملقب بالسفاك، من دولة بني الأخيضر. يروي ابن خلدون أنه خرج في أعراب الحجاز سنة 251هـ، فقصد مكة، فهرب عاملها جعفر. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}\n\nثم يذكر أنه انتهب منازل أصحاب السلطان، وقتل جماعة من الجند وأهل مكة، وأخذ الذهب والفضة وكسوة الكعبة، وأقام على ذلك خمسين يوماً. وسار إلى المدينة فحاصرها حتى مات أهلها جوعاً، ولم يُصلَّ أحد في مسجدها. واستباح جدة وأخذ أموال التجار، وخطب لنفسه بمكة. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}\n\nكان يتردد بالحجاز اثنتين وعشرين سنة، ومات ولم يعقب. فولي مكانه أخوه محمد الأخيضر مؤسس ملك اليمامة. وتاريخ وفاته (نحو 273هـ) تقريبي ومشتق. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ismail-al-saffak",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Isma'il ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Jawn al-Alawi, known as al-Saffak (the Shedder of Blood), from the state of the Banu al-Akhdar. Ibn Khaldun relates that he went out among the Bedouins of the Hijaz in 251 AH, and made for Mecca, where its governor Ja'far fled. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His raids",
     "markdown": "Ibn Khaldun says that he plundered the homes of the sultan's followers, killed a group of soldiers and people of Mecca, took the gold and silver and the covering of the Ka'ba, and remained at this for fifty days. He marched to Medina and besieged it until its people died of hunger, and no one prayed in its mosque. He overran Jidda and took the property of the merchants, and proclaimed himself in Mecca. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His end",
     "markdown": "He moved about in the Hijaz for twenty-two years and died without descendants. His brother Muhammad al-Akhdar, founder of the kingdom of Yamama, succeeded him. The date of his death (about 273 AH) is approximate and derived. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ismail-al-saffak",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abu-al-arab-al-tamimi-muhammad",
  "person/abu-awana-yaqub-ibn-ishaq",
  "person/abu-bakr-al-naysaburi-ibn-ziyad",
  "person/abu-dawud-al-sijistani",
  "person/abu-jafar-al-tirmidhi-muhammad-ibn-ahmad",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-yahya-tha-lab",
  "person/al-akhfash-al-asghar-ali",
  "person/al-ashari-ali-ibn-ismail",
  "person/al-baghdadi-abu-ishaq-ibrahim-ibn-jabir",
  "person/al-barbahari-al-hasan-ibn-ali",
  "person/al-bazzar-abu-bakr-ahmad-ibn-amr",
  "person/al-istakhri-abu-said-al-hasan"
 ],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}