{
 "id": "person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
 "label": {
  "en": "Ja'far ibn Abi Talib",
  "ar": "جعفر بن أبي طالب"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A brother of Ali who led the Muslim emigration to Abyssinia and answered the Negus for his people; killed at Mu'ta carrying the army's standard after Zayd ibn Haritha.",
  "ar": "أخو علي الذي قاد هجرة المسلمين إلى الحبشة وأجاب النجاشي عن قومه؛ قُتل في مؤتة حاملًا راية الجيش بعد زيد بن حارثة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia",
  "east-africa"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "refugees-migrants-diaspora",
  "islam-and-christianity",
  "battles"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 590.0017796395546,
  "latest": 629.747975659975
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0590~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0629-09",
   "hijri": "0008-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "Killed at Mu'ta, Jumada I 8 AH (September 629 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "laqab",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Ja'far al-Tayyar (Ja'far the Flyer)"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0590~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0629-09",
   "hijri": "0008-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "Killed at Mu'ta, Jumada I 8 AH (September 629 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0612~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Among the early converts, of the Prophet's own household.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0612~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "interlocutor",
    "toward": "person/negus-of-aksum",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0615~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Spokesman of the Muslim exiles before the Negus of Aksum.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "martyr",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0629-09"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Fell carrying the standard at Mu'ta; the tradition remembers him as Ja'far al-Tayyar.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "جعفر بن أبي طالب ابن عم النبي وأخو علي — الذي وقف بين يدي ملك أفريقي يجيب عن دين مطرود، ومات حاملًا رايته في مؤتة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "ولما اشتد الأذى بمكة بعث النبي جماعة من المسلمين يلتمسون الحبشة — وقادهم جعفر بن [[person/abu-talib|أبي طالب]] في [[event/first-migration-to-abyssinia|الهجرة الأولى]] نحو سنة 615م {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nولما جاءت سفراء مكة إلى مجلس [[person/negus-of-aksum|النجاشي]] تطلب ردّ المهاجرين، تحكي الرواية أن جعفرًا أجاب عن قومه: وصف ما كانوا عليه وما يدعو إليه النبي، وتلا من فاتحة سورة مريم. فبكى الملك وآواهم {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nلم يعد جعفر إلى المدينة إلا سنة 628م. وبعد شهور، في [[event/battle-of-mutah|مؤتة]]، أخذ الراية حين سقط [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|زيد بن حارثة]]، فحملها حتى قُطعت يداه وقُتل — سبتمبر سنة 629م {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "يومه في مجلس النجاشي أول مشهد في التراث للإسلام معروضًا على حاكم أجنبي — صوت مسلم صغير بعيد عن الوطن فبلّغ. وفي الذاكرة «جعفر الطيار»، جناحان مكان اليدين اللتين فقدهما."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "وقف جعفر بين يدي ملك يشرح دينه كله. فصنعها صنعًا جعل الملك يحمي المهاجرين كلهم — ومات بعد سنين حاملًا راية الجيش."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Ja'far ibn Abi Talib was the Prophet's cousin and Ali's brother — the man who stood before an African king and answered for a hunted religion, and who died holding its standard at Mu'ta."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "When the persecution in Mecca grew dangerous, the Prophet sent a group of Muslims to seek refuge in Abyssinia — and Ja'far, son of [[person/abu-talib|Abu Talib]], led them, in [[event/first-migration-to-abyssinia|the first migration]] about 615 CE {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nWhen Meccan envoys came to the court of [[person/negus-of-aksum|the Negus]] demanding the refugees back, tradition tells that Ja'far answered for them: describing what his people had been, what the Prophet taught, and reciting the Qur'anic passage on Mary. The king wept, and gave them refuge {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nJa'far returned to Medina only in 628. Months later, at [[event/battle-of-mutah|Mu'ta]], he took the standard when [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|Zayd ibn Haritha]] fell, held it until both his hands were cut off, and was killed — September 629 CE {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "His day in the Negus's court is the tradition's first scene of Islam explained to a foreign ruler — a small Muslim voice, far from home, that carried. In memory he is Ja'far al-Tayyar, \"the Flyer,\" wings in place of the arms he lost."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Ja'far had to stand before a king and explain his whole religion. He did it so well that the king protected all the refugees — and Ja'far died years later holding the army's flag."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/al-aswad-al-ansi",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/heraclius"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mutah",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-talib",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "leader-and-spokesman",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/aksum",
   "type": "traveled_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-mutah",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "second-commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/second-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "المتكلم عن المسلمين عند النجاشي؛ تلا صدر مريم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/hamza",
  "event/second-migration-to-abyssinia",
  "person/negus-of-aksum",
  "event/hijra",
  "group/early-muslims"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}