{
 "id": "person/josh-malihabadi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "josh-malihabadi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "جوش مليح آبادي",
  "en": "Josh Malihabadi",
  "ur": "جوش ملیح آبادی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر أردي (1898–1982)، وُلد باسم شبير حسن خان في مليح آباد، وعُرف بلقب «شاعر الثورة». كان من أبرز أصوات حركة الكتاب التقدميين، وهاجر إلى باكستان سنة 1956، وترك أكثر من مئة ألف بيت من الشعر.",
  "en": "Urdu poet (1898–1982), born Shabbir Hasan Khan in Malihabad and known as Shayar-e-Inqalab ('Poet of the Revolution'). A leading voice of the Progressive Writers' Movement, he migrated to Pakistan in 1956 and left more than 100,000 couplets.",
  "ur": "اردو کے شاعر (1898ء–1982ء)، جو ملیح آباد میں شبیر حسن خان کے نام سے پیدا ہوئے اور «شاعر انقلاب» کے لقب سے مشہور ہوئے۔ وہ ترقی پسند تحریک کے نمایاں شاعر تھے، 1956ء میں پاکستان ہجرت کر گئے اور ایک لاکھ سے زائد اشعار چھوڑے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1898.9266720055853,
  "latest": 1982.1453554829693
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1898-12-05",
   "hijri": "1316",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Urdu and Arabic articles and Wikidata agree: born 5 December 1898 at Malihabad near Lucknow. The Hijri year (1316) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Malihabad, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1982-02-22",
   "hijri": "1402",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Urdu and Arabic articles and Wikidata agree: died 22 February 1982 at Islamabad. The Hijri year (1402) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Islamabad, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "شبیر حسن خان",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Shabbir Hasan Khan",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "جوش ملیح آبادی",
    "kind": "pen"
   },
   {
    "value": "Josh Malihabadi",
    "kind": "pen"
   },
   {
    "value": "شاعر انقلاب",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Shayar-e-Inqalab",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1898-12-05",
   "hijri": "1316",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Urdu and Arabic articles and Wikidata agree: born 5 December 1898 at Malihabad near Lucknow. The Hijri year (1316) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Malihabad, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1982-02-22",
   "hijri": "1402",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Urdu and Arabic articles and Wikidata agree: died 22 February 1982 at Islamabad. The Hijri year (1402) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Islamabad, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED — the Shia reading is carried only by the two classes of evidence the lane never counts, and no text attests it. What the sources give, exactly: the English text says he was born to an Urdu-speaking Muslim family of Afridi Pashtun origin in Malihabad — family background. No text in the English, Urdu or Arabic articles names his school or branch. Wikidata's single structured religion value is Shia Islam, and the Urdu article files him in its 'Pakistani Shia' category — one structured value and one category filing. The Shia-mapping rule requires two sources attesting 'Shia' with branch-supporting context; neither of these carriers is a text, so the mapping cannot be made. His marsiyas and the poem 'Hussain aur Inquilab' are literary works, not attestations. If the founder accepts the structured value together with the category filing as the two attestations, this segment settles as shia-twelver/documented under the mapping rule, with the mapping stated; as the sources stand, the value stays unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
     "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
     "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ar",
     "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q3631671"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en",
   "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur",
   "source/wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ar",
   "source/wikidata-josh-malihabadi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Josh Malihabadi' (revision 1376672530), Urdu Wikipedia 'جوش ملیح آبادی' (revision 9395694), Arabic Wikipedia 'جوش مليح آبادي' (revision 76641933) and Wikidata item Q3631671 (item revision 2561076063, confirmed by two agreeing reads), read via the MediaWiki API on 26 October 2026; every article was fetched by its recorded revision id and the returned id asserted equal before any claim was drawn. Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (josh, malihabadi, shabbir), by Arabic label, by biography and by the QID route across data/person/ — no earlier record exists. Wikidata's place claims for him carry stray values alongside the correct ones (Uttar Pradesh and British Raj as birthplaces, Pakistan as a death place); the record follows the three articles' agreement on Malihabad and Islamabad, and no place edges are written because no entities exist for either.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-73"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتكوين",
     "markdown": "وُلد جوش في مليح آباد قرب لكناو في أسرة مسلمة ناطقة بالأردية من أصل أفريدي بشتوني، وبدأ نظم الشعر في الحادية عشرة، ودرس في لكناو وجامعة فيسفا بهاراتي لروبندرونات طاغور، ودخل خدمة دولة حيدر آباد متجرمجا.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المنفى و«آج كل»",
     "markdown": "نُفي جوش من دولة حيدر آباد سنة 1925 بسبب قصيدة ضد النظام، فانتقل إلى دلهي وأصدر مجلة «كليم»، ثم حرر في الأربعينيات مجلة «آج كل» الصادرة عن قسم المنشورات الحكومي، وجمع حولها نخبة الأدب الأردي في دلهي، ثم تركها بسبب موقفها المؤيد لبريطانيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الهجرة والإرث",
     "markdown": "هاجر جوش إلى باكستان سنة 1956 رغم معارضة جواهر لال نهرو، وعمل في مجلس ترقي أدب بلاهور وحرر صحيفة «جنك» اليومية، ومنحته باكستان وسام هلال الامتياز سنة 2013 بعد وفاته. وتوفي في إسلام آباد في 22 فبراير 1982.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة على الانتماء",
     "markdown": "لا تسمّي مقالات جوش في أي طبعة طائفة أو مذهبا في متنها؛ فالمقالة الإنجليزية تذكر أسرته المسلمة ذات الأصل الأفريدي، ودعوى «الإسلام الشيعي» قائمة فقط في ويكيداتا قيمة بنيوية وحيدة وفي تصنيف المقالة الأردية «باكستاني شيعة»، وهو تصنيف إيداعي. أما مراثيه الحسينية فقد عالجتها المقالات بوصفها أعمالا أدبية.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ar}\n- {cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/josh-malihabadi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Early life and formation",
     "markdown": "Josh was born at Malihabad near Lucknow to an Urdu-speaking Muslim family of Afridi Pashtun origin. He began composing poetry at eleven, studied at Lucknow and at Rabindranath Tagore's Visva-Bharati, and entered the service of Hyderabad State as a translator.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Exile and Aaj-Kal",
     "markdown": "Exiled from Hyderabad State in 1925 over a poem against the Nizam, Josh moved to Delhi and founded the magazine Kaleem. In the 1940s he edited the government Publications Division's magazine Aaj-Kal, gathering Delhi's Urdu literary circle around it, and left over its pro-British wartime line.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Migration and legacy",
     "markdown": "Josh migrated to Pakistan in 1956 despite Jawaharlal Nehru's opposition, worked at the Board for the Advancement of Literature in Lahore and edited the daily Jang; Pakistan awarded him the Hilal-i-Imtiaz posthumously in 2013. He died at Islamabad on 22 February 1982.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "A note on affiliation",
     "markdown": "No edition of Josh's articles names a branch or school in its text: the English article gives his Muslim family of Afridi origin, and the Shia reading stands only in Wikidata's single structured value and in the Urdu article's 'Pakistani Shia' category, a filing. His Husayn elegies are treated by the articles as literary works.{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ar}\n- {cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/josh-malihabadi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم",
     "markdown": "جوش لکھنؤ کے قریب ملیح آباد میں افریدی پختون نژاد اردو بولنے والے مسلمان گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔ انہوں نے گیارہ برس کی عمر میں شعر کہنا شروع کیا، لکھنؤ اور ٹیگور کی وشو بھارتی میں تعلیم پائی اور ریاست حیدرآباد میں مترجم کی ملازمت اختیار کی۔{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جلاوطنی اور «آج کل»",
     "markdown": "جوش کو ۱۹۲۵ء میں نظام کے خلاف ایک نظم پر ریاست حیدرآباد سے جلاوطن کر دیا گیا؛ وہ دہلی آئے اور رسالہ «کلیم» جاری کیا۔ چالیس کی دہائی میں انہوں نے سرکاری رسالہ «آج کل» کی ادارت سنبھالی، پھر جنگ عظیم دوم میں اس کی انگریز نواز پالیسی پر اسے چھوڑ دیا۔{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ہجرت اور ورثہ",
     "markdown": "جوش ۱۹۵۶ء میں جواہر لال نہرو کی مخالفت کے باوجود پاکستان ہجرت کر گئے؛ لاہور میں مجلس ترقی ادب سے وابستہ رہے اور روزنامہ «جنگ» کی ادارت کی۔ پاکستان نے انہیں ۲۰۱۳ء میں بعد از مرگ ہلال امتیاز دیا۔ وہ ۲۲ فروری ۱۹۸۲ء کو اسلام آباد میں وفات پا گئے۔{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وابستگی پر نوٹ",
     "markdown": "جوش کے مضامین کسی نسخے میں بھی متن میں کوئی فرقہ یا مذہب نہیں بتاتے؛ انگریزی مضمون ان کے افریدی نژاد مسلمان گھرانے کا ذکر کرتا ہے، اور شیعہ قرأت صرف وکی ڈیٹا کی واحد بناوٹی قدر اور اردو مضمون کے «پاکستانی شیعہ» زمرے میں ہے، جو محض زمرہ بندی ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}{cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}{cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ur}\n- {cite:wikipedia-josh-malihabadi-ar}\n- {cite:wikidata-josh-malihabadi}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/josh-malihabadi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-hai-arifi",
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi",
  "person/firaq-gorakhpuri",
  "person/hamid-aytac",
  "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
  "person/idris-senussi",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan",
  "person/mohammad-ali-araki",
  "person/muhammad-zafrullah-khan",
  "person/muhammad-zakariya-kandhlawi",
  "person/said-al-mufti",
  "person/sultan-al-atrash"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}