{
 "id": "person/louis-ix",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "louis-ix",
 "label": {
  "ar": "لويس التاسع ملك الفرنسيس",
  "en": "Louis IX of France"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "لويس ملك الفرنجة الملقب بلغتهم «روا فرنس» أي ملك إفرنس؛ حمله المسلمون أسيراً من المنصورة بمصر سنة 648هـ وأطلقوه على تمكينهم دمياط، ثم عاود الكرة آخر ذي القعدة سنة 668هـ بأساطيل ثلاثمائة وسبعة ملوك فيهم صاحب صقلية وصاحب الجزر، فنازل تونس وبها السلطان المستنصر الحفصي، فهلك في معسكره بقرطاجنة سنة 669هـ يقال حتف أنفه ويقال بسهم غرب أصابه في بعض المواقف.",
  "en": "Louis, king of the Franks, called in their tongue «roi de France»; the Muslims carried him captive from al-Mansura in Egypt in 648 AH and released him on Damietta's surrender, then he returned at the end of Dhu al-Qa'da 668 with three hundred sails and seven kings to besiege Tunis where the Hafsid al-Mustansir ruled, dying in his camp at Carthage in 669 AH — by plague as some said, or by a stray arrow."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe",
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/mongol-post-mongol"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1270.0020534302553,
  "latest": 1271.0013894877743
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1270",
   "hijri": "0669",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "هلك بمعسكره بقرطاجنة سنة 669هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "sultan"
  ],
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1270",
   "hijri": "0669",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "هلك بمعسكره بقرطاجنة سنة 669هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "ابن خلدون، العبر — الخبر عن طاغية الإفرنجة ومنازلته تونس، ص1720-1721 (المجلد السادس، طبعة هيليوبوليس)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-ibar-maghreb-2"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Ibn Khaldun al-Ibar via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "لويس التاسع ملك فرنسا، ويسميه ابن خلدون «ملك الفرنجة» ويقول إنهم يلقبونه بلغتهم «روا فرنس». {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأسر في المنصورة",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن خلدون أن المسلمين حملوه أسيراً من المنصورة بمصر سنة 648هـ، ثم أطلقوه مقابل تمكينهم من دمياط. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحملة على تونس",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن خلدون أنه عاد في آخر ذي القعدة سنة 668هـ بأساطيل ذكر أنها لثلاثمائة وسبعة ملوك، منهم صاحب صقلية وصاحب الجزر. ونازل تونس وكان فيها السلطان المستنصر الحفصي. وهلك في معسكره بقرطاجنة سنة 669هـ، ويقال إنه مات حتف أنفه، ويقال إن سهماً غرباً أصابه في بعض المواقف. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar} سنة الميلاد المقابلة مشتقة بالحساب، وهي 1270م."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/louis-ix",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Louis IX, king of France. Ibn Khaldun calls him \"king of the Franks\", and says that they call him in their language \"Roi France\". {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Captivity at Mansura",
     "markdown": "Ibn Khaldun says that the Muslims took him captive from Mansura in Egypt in 648 AH, and then released him in exchange for their being allowed to hold Damietta. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The campaign on Tunis",
     "markdown": "Ibn Khaldun relates that he came back at the end of Dhu al-Qa'da 668 AH with fleets that he said numbered three hundred and seven kings, among them the lord of Sicily and the lord of the islands. He besieged Tunis, where the sultan al-Mustansir al-Hafsi was. He died in his camp at Carthage in 669 AH. It is said that he died of his natural death, and it is said that an arrow from an unknown hand struck him in one of the encounters. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar} The corresponding Gregorian year, 1270 CE, is calculated."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/louis-ix",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/ahmad-al-badawi",
  "person/al-abraqawhi-ahmad",
  "person/al-astarabadhi-al-hasan",
  "person/al-baydawi-abd-allah-ibn-umar",
  "person/al-halabi-qutb-al-din-abd-al-karim-ibn-abd-al-nur",
  "person/al-jabari-abu-ishaq-ibrahim-ibn-umar",
  "person/al-qurashi-jamal-al-din-muhammad-ibn-umar",
  "person/al-talafari-abu-al-makarim-muhammad-ibn-yusuf",
  "person/al-tijibi-al-sabti-abu-al-qasim-ibn-yusuf",
  "person/ali-ibn-ahmad-al-asbahi",
  "person/ibn-abi-al-ahwas-al-husayn",
  "person/ibn-abi-usaybia-ahmad"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/eighth-crusade-tunis-669",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/al-mustansir-hafsi",
  "place/tunis",
  "event/eighth-crusade-tunis-669"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}