{
 "id": "person/mahmud-shevket-pasha",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "mahmud-shevket-pasha",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمود شوكت باشا",
  "en": "Mahmud Shevket Pasha",
  "ur": "محمود شوکت پاشا"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مشير ورجل دولة عثماني، والرجل القوي في السنوات التي تلت انقلاب 1909 المضاد، والصدر الأعظم من يناير 1913 حتى اغتياله في يونيو من العام نفسه. وُلد في بغداد، وقاد جيش الحركة الذي قمع حادثة 31 مارس وخلع عبد الحميد الثاني، وتولى وزارة الحربية، ثم أُطلق عليه النار في سيارته بميدان بايزيد من خصوم جمعية الاتحاد والترقي.",
  "en": "Ottoman field marshal and statesman, the strongman of the years after the 1909 counter-coup, and Grand Vizier from January 1913 until his assassination that June. Born in Baghdad, he commanded the Action Army that suppressed the 31 March Incident and deposed Abdul Hamid II, served as Minister of War, and was shot in his car at Beyazıt Square by opponents of the Committee of Union and Progress.",
  "ur": "عثمانی مشیر اور مدبر، 1909 کی جوابی بغاوت کے بعد کے برسوں کے طاقتور شخص، اور جنوری 1913 سے اسی سال جون میں اپنے قتل تک صدرِ اعظم۔ بغداد میں پیدا ہوئے، 31 مارچ واقعے کو کچلنے اور عبدالحمید ثانی کو معزول کرنے والی حرکت فوج کی قیادت کی، وزیرِ جنگ رہے، اور بایزید چوک میں اپنی گاڑی میں جمعیتِ اتحاد و ترقی کے مخالفوں کے ہاتھوں گولی مار کر ہلاک ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1855.9990280430125,
  "latest": 1913.4430549566066
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1856",
   "hijri": "1272",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born in Baghdad in 1856, a son of Kethüdazade Süleyman Faik Bey, governor of Basra, and grandson of Hacı Talib Ağa, who had moved from Tbilisi to Baghdad; both articles give 1856. Wikidata carries a second, unreferenced birth-year value of 1858, which is not followed. His ancestry is variously given in the sources as Georgian, Chechen, Circassian or Arab. The Hijri year 1272 is the derived conversion of 1856.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
    "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1913-06-11",
   "hijri": "1331",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Assassinated on 11 June 1913, shot in his car at Beyazıt Square, Istanbul, by partisans of the Freedom and Accord Party in a counter-coup attempt against the Committee of Union and Progress; he was buried at the Monument of Liberty (Âbide-i Hürriyet) in Istanbul. The Hijri year 1331 is the derived conversion of 1913.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
    "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Mahmud Shevket Pasha",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "محمود شوكت پاشا",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Mahmut Şevket Paşa",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "vizier",
   "military"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1856",
   "hijri": "1272",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born in Baghdad in 1856, a son of Kethüdazade Süleyman Faik Bey, governor of Basra, and grandson of Hacı Talib Ağa, who had moved from Tbilisi to Baghdad; both articles give 1856. Wikidata carries a second, unreferenced birth-year value of 1858, which is not followed. His ancestry is variously given in the sources as Georgian, Chechen, Circassian or Arab. The Hijri year 1272 is the derived conversion of 1856.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
    "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1913-06-11",
   "hijri": "1331",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Assassinated on 11 June 1913, shot in his car at Beyazıt Square, Istanbul, by partisans of the Freedom and Accord Party in a counter-coup attempt against the Committee of Union and Progress; he was buried at the Monument of Liberty (Âbide-i Hürriyet) in Istanbul. The Hijri year 1331 is the derived conversion of 1913.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
    "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source consulted names a school — or any affiliation — for Mahmud Shevket Pasha personally, and the value is recorded unknown under the doubt rule. The English article has no religion field and names no religion for him anywhere in its text; its long ancestry discussion (Georgian, Chechen, Circassian or Arab descent on competing cited sources) is family origin, which never counts. The Turkish article's infobox carries a religion field (dini) reading only 'İslam' (Islam), generic and uncited, and Wikidata carries Islam (Q432) generically, without references — one structured-data family giving a generic value only. Nothing in either text attests a school for him personally, so no value beyond unknown is recorded.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
     "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
     "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q722306"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
   "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr",
   "source/wikidata-mahmud-shevket-pasha"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Mahmud Shevket Pasha' (revision 1378320399 of 3 October 2026), Turkish Wikipedia 'Mahmud Şevket Paşa' (revision 38078948 of 28 September 2026) and Wikidata item Q722306 (item revision 2549635462 of 26 September 2026), all read directly on 26 October 2026 and the articles re-fetched by revision id with content verified identical. No succession edge is written for his grand vizierate: he succeeded Kâmil Pasha in that office on 23 January 1913, but Kâmil Pasha had no record in the museum when this record was written, so the succession is carried in prose only, following the lane's link-only-to-existing-entities rule. His father has no record, so the descent is likewise prose only. His faith is unknown: only a generic Islam value exists, in the Turkish infobox and in Wikidata, one source family, and no text names a school for him.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-43"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "محمود شوكت باشا (1856 – 11 يونيو 1913) مشير ورجل دولة عثماني، والجندي المهيمن على الدولة بعد الانقلاب المضاد سنة 1909، والصدر الأعظم من 23 يناير 1913 حتى اغتياله بعد خمسة أشهر. وُلد في بغداد وتعلّم فيها وفي المدرسة الحربية بإسطنبول، وقاد جيش الحركة الذي زحف على العاصمة سنة 1909، وتولى وزارة الحربية مرتين، ثم أُطلق عليه النار في سيارته بميدان بايزيد من خصوم جمعية الاتحاد والترقي. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته وصعوده",
     "markdown": "وُلد في بغداد سنة 1856، ابنًا لكتحذاده سليمان فائق بك متصرف البصرة؛ وأصله مذكور بصور مختلفة: جورجي أو شيشاني أو شركسي أو عربي. وبعد تعليمه في بغداد ودراسته في مدرسة للاتحاد الإسرائيلي العالمي بإسطنبول، تخرج في المدرسة الحربية سنة 1882، ودرّس فيها، وخدم في لجنة شراء أسلحة في ألمانيا تحت كولمار فون در غولتس، وارتقى إلى رتبة فريق أول؛ وما زال كتابه سنة 1902 عن تنظيم الجيش العثماني وملابسه مرجعًا معتمدًا. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جيش الحركة ووزارة الحربية",
     "markdown": "في أبريل 1909، بعد حادثة 31 مارس، قاد شوكت باشا جيش الحركة القادم من سالونيك الذي قمع الانقلاب المضاد وخلع عبد الحميد الثاني. وبصفته وزيرًا للحربية من يناير 1910، ثم مرة أخرى من يناير 1913، أدار الجيش بما يشبه الدكتاتورية العسكرية، وأعاد تنظيمه وأسس أسرابه الجوية؛ وقد جلبت ترتيباته قبل الحرب الإيطالية التركية نقدًا لاحقًا. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صدارته واغتياله",
     "markdown": "بعد اقتحام الاتحاديين الباب العالي في 23 يناير 1913، خلف كامل باشا، فصار صدرًا أعظم في عهد محمد الخامس واستأنف حرب البلقان. وفي 11 يونيو 1913 أُطلق عليه النار فمات في سيارته بميدان بايزيد في إسطنبول، بأيدي أنصار حزب الحرية والائتلاف ضمن محاولة انقلاب مضاد أوسع. ودُفن عند نصب الحرية في إسطنبول. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، مسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تكون مراجعات هذه المقالة مؤرخة، وأن تسمي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mahmud-shevket-pasha",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Mahmud Shevket Pasha (1856 – 11 June 1913) was an Ottoman field marshal and statesman, the dominant soldier of the empire after the 1909 counter-coup and Grand Vizier from 23 January 1913 until his assassination five months later. Born in Baghdad and educated there and at the War Academy in Istanbul, he commanded the Action Army that marched on the capital in 1909, served twice as Minister of War, and was shot in his car at Beyazıt Square by opponents of the Committee of Union and Progress. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and rise",
     "markdown": "He was born in Baghdad in 1856, a son of Kethüdazade Süleyman Faik Bey, governor of Basra; his ancestry is variously reported as Georgian, Chechen, Circassian or Arab. After schooling in Baghdad and study at an Alliance Israélite Universelle school in Istanbul, he graduated from the Mekteb-i Harbiye in 1882, taught there, served on an arms-purchasing commission in Germany under Colmar von der Goltz, and rose to lieutenant general; his 1902 book on the organisation and uniforms of the Ottoman army remains a standard work. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Action Army and the war ministry",
     "markdown": "In April 1909, after the 31 March Incident, Shevket Pasha led the Action Army from Salonica that suppressed the counter-coup and deposed Abdul Hamid II. As Minister of War from January 1910, and again from January 1913, he ran the army as something close to a military dictator, reorganised it and founded its air squadrons; his pre-war dispositions before the Italo-Turkish War drew later criticism. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Grand vizierate and assassination",
     "markdown": "After the Unionist raid on the Sublime Porte of 23 January 1913, in which he succeeded Kâmil Pasha, he became Grand Vizier under Mehmed V and resumed the Balkan War. On 11 June 1913 he was shot dead in his car at Beyazıt Square, Istanbul, by Freedom and Accord partisans in a wider counter-coup attempt. He was buried at the Monument of Liberty in Istanbul. {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mahmud-shevket-pasha",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمود شوکت پاشا (1856 تا 11 جون 1913) عثمانی مشیر اور مدبر تھے، 1909 کی جوابی بغاوت کے بعد سلطنت کے مقتدر ترین سپاہی اور 23 جنوری 1913 سے پانچ ماہ بعد اپنے قتل تک صدرِ اعظم۔ بغداد میں پیدا ہوئے اور وہیں و استنبول کے حربی مدرسے میں تعلیم پائی؛ 1909 میں حرکت فوج کی قیادت کی، دو مرتبہ وزیرِ جنگ رہے، اور بایزید چوک میں جمعیتِ اتحاد و ترقی کے مخالفوں نے ان کی گاڑی میں گولی مار کر ہلاک کر دیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور عروج",
     "markdown": "بغداد میں 1856 میں بصرہ کے متصرف کتخدا زادہ سلیمان فائق بے کے ہاں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کا نسب جارجیائی، چیچن، چرکسی یا عرب مختلف طور پر بیان ہوتا ہے۔ بغداد کی تعلیم اور استنبول میں الائنس اسرائیلیت کے ایک مدرسے کے بعد 1882 میں مکتبِ حربیہ سے فارغ ہوئے، وہیں پڑھایا، جرمنی میں کولمار فون ڈیر گولٹس کے ماتحت اسلحہ خرید کمیٹی میں کام کیا اور لیفٹیننٹ جنرل بنے؛ عثمانی فوج کی تنظیم و وردیوں پر ان کی 1902 کی کتاب آج بھی مستند مرجع ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حرکت فوج اور وزارتِ جنگ",
     "markdown": "اپریل 1909 میں 31 مارچ واقعے کے بعد شوکت پاشا نے سالونیکا سے آنے والی حرکت فوج کی قیادت کی جس نے جوابی بغاوت کچلی اور عبدالحمید ثانی کو معزول کیا۔ جنوری 1910 سے اور پھر جنوری 1913 سے وزیرِ جنگ کی حیثیت سے فوج کو تقریباً عسکری آمریت کے انداز میں چلایا، اس کی تنظیمِ نو کی اور فضائی دستے قائم کیے؛ اٹلی ترکی جنگ سے پہلے کی ان کی تعیناتیاں بعد میں تنقید کا نشانہ بنیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صدارتِ عظمیٰ اور قتل",
     "markdown": "23 جنوری 1913 کو بابِ عالی پر اتحادیوں کے دھاوے کے بعد کامل پاشا کے جانشین بن کر محمد خامس کے عہد میں صدرِ اعظم بنے اور بلقان جنگ دوبارہ شروع کی۔ 11 جون 1913 کو استنبول کے بایزید چوک میں ایک وسیع جوابی بغاوت کی کوشش کے ضمن میں حزبِ حریت و ائتلاف کے حامیوں نے ان کی گاڑی میں گولی مار کر ہلاک کر دیا۔ استنبول میں یادگارِ حریت کے پاس دفن ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en} {cite:wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مصادر",
     "markdown": "- مذکورہ بالا معرف ماخذ اکائیاں، `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر ترمیم مؤرخ ہونی چاہیے اور ہر تبدیلی کا ماخذ نامزد کرے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mahmud-shevket-pasha",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abadi-bano-begum",
  "person/abd-al-hamid-al-zahrawi",
  "person/abd-al-razzaq-al-bitar",
  "person/ahmad-al-hamlawi",
  "person/akbar-allahabadi",
  "person/ali-dinar",
  "person/ali-hajji-of-akusha",
  "person/alladiya-khan",
  "person/altaf-hussain-hali",
  "person/amadou-bamba",
  "person/badreddin-al-hasani",
  "person/barkatullah-bhopali"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/baghdad",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/istanbul",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/osman-hamdi-bey",
  "person/suleyman-husnu-pasha",
  "building/al-madrasa-al-nizamiyya-baghdad",
  "building/arap-cami-istanbul",
  "building/atik-ali-pasha-mosque",
  "building/bayt-al-hikma",
  "building/bimaristan-adudi",
  "building/bimaristan-al-muqtadiri"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}