{
 "id": "person/merebbi-rebbu",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "merebbi-rebbu",
 "label": {
  "ar": "مربيه ربه",
  "en": "Merebbi Rebbu",
  "ur": "مربيہ ربہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الشيخ محمد مصطفى مربيه ربه بن ماء العينين (1881–1942)، علامة ومجاهد مغربي صحراوي، الولد الثاني عشر للشيخ ماء العينين. أسس زاوية هصباوة بصبويا سنة 1913، وبعد وفاة أخيه أحمد الهيبة سنة 1919 بُويع في مؤتمر كردوس قائدًا وإمامًا للمجاهدين، فقاد المقاومة ضد فرنسا في سوس والأطلس الصغير ثلاثة وعشرين عامًا حتى سقطت كردوس سنة 1934، فانسحب إلى الصحراء الإسبانية وأسس زاوية طرفاية (1937) وتوفي بتافودارت سنة 1942. خلّف مؤلفات كثيرة في التصوف والفقه والطب والشعر والتاريخ.",
  "en": "Shaykh Muhammad Mustafa Murabbih Rabbuh ibn Ma al-'Aynayn (1881–1942), Moroccan-Saharan scholar and mujahid, the twelfth son of Shaykh Ma al-'Aynayn. He founded the zawiya of Hasbawa at Sbouya in 1913, and on his brother Ahmed al-Hiba's death in 1919 he was given allegiance at the Kerdous conference as leader and imam of the mujahidin; he then led the resistance to France in the Souss and the Anti-Atlas for twenty-three years, until Kerdous fell in 1934, whereupon he withdrew to the Spanish Sahara, founded the zawiya of Tarfaya (1937), and died at Tafoudart in 1942. He left many works on Sufism, fiqh, medicine, poetry and history.",
  "ur": "شیخ محمد مصطفیٰ مربيہ ربہ بن ماء العینین (1881–1942)، مغربی صحرائی عالم اور مجاہد، شیخ ماء العینین کے بارہویں بیٹے۔ انھوں نے 1913ء میں صبویا میں زاویہ ہصباوہ قائم کیا، اور 1919ء میں بھائی احمد الہیبہ کی وفات پر کاردوس کی کانفرنس میں انھیں مجاہدین کا قائد و امام منتخب کیا گیا؛ پھر انھوں نے سوس اور صغیر اطلس میں فرانس کے خلاف تئیس سال مزاحمت کی قیادت کی، یہاں تک کہ 1934ء میں کاردوس سقوط پذیر ہوا، تو وہ ہسپانوی صحارا چلے گئے، طرفایہ کا زاویہ قائم کیا ⁦(1937ء)⁩ اور 1942ء میں تافودارت میں وفات پائی۔ انھوں نے تصوف، فقہ، طب، شعر اور تاریخ پر بہت سی کتابیں چھوڑیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb",
  "west-africa-sahel"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1881.1193248321322,
  "latest": 1942.3389255083634
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1881-02-13",
   "hijri": "1298",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: the Tirs of Wadi al-Dhahab (Rio de Oro), in the far south (Arabic biography). The Arabic article dates his birth natively — Sunday 14 Rabi' al-Awwal 1298 AH / 13 February 1881 — and the French article's categories file his birth in February 1881, while Wikidata gives the same day, 13 February 1881. His mother was Maymuna bint Ahmad Ali, and he was the twelfth of Ma al-'Aynayn's sons (Arabic biography). The Hijri year is the article's own date, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1942-05-04",
   "hijri": "1361",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: Tafoudart, in the Spanish Sahara, where his tomb is (both biographies). The Arabic article dates his death natively — 19 Rabi' al-Thani 1361 AH / 4 May 1942 — and Wikidata gives the same day; the French article gives the year 1942 and the place. The Hijri year is the article's own date, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "محمد مصطفى مربيه ربه بن ماء العينين",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Muhammad Mustafa Murabbih Rabbuh ibn Ma al-'Aynayn",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Merebbi Rebbo",
    "kind": "latinized"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1881-02-13",
   "hijri": "1298",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: the Tirs of Wadi al-Dhahab (Rio de Oro), in the far south (Arabic biography). The Arabic article dates his birth natively — Sunday 14 Rabi' al-Awwal 1298 AH / 13 February 1881 — and the French article's categories file his birth in February 1881, while Wikidata gives the same day, 13 February 1881. His mother was Maymuna bint Ahmad Ali, and he was the twelfth of Ma al-'Aynayn's sons (Arabic biography). The Hijri year is the article's own date, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1942-05-04",
   "hijri": "1361",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: Tafoudart, in the Spanish Sahara, where his tomb is (both biographies). The Arabic article dates his death natively — 19 Rabi' al-Thani 1361 AH / 4 May 1942 — and Wikidata gives the same day; the French article gives the year 1942 and the place. The Hijri year is the article's own date, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "political leader",
   "poet"
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED for a founder ruling. The readings all rest on the Arabic biography, a single family: its category filings place him among Malikis, among Moroccan Sufis and among Moroccan Sunni scholars, and its text documents a life that matches the filings — he fought beside his father and brother, was given the bay'a as leader and imam of the mujahidin at the Kerdous conference of 25 Ramadan 1337, founded the zawiyas of Hasbawa (1913) and Tarfaya (1937) which taught and provisioned the resistance, and left dozens of works on tasawwuf, fiqh, medicine and poetry. But no second family names a school or an order for the man himself: the French biography names no religion, and Wikidata gives Islam in general. Held unknown with the Maliki and Sufi readings preserved, per the doubt rule.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
     "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
   "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q3306434"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "French Wikipedia 'Merebbi Rebbu', rev. 223981026 of 2025-03-17; Arabic Wikipedia 'مربيه ربه', rev. 73746758 of 2026-03-07; Wikidata Q3306434, item rev. 2468952481 of 2026-03-03, re-asserted against a second live query in the same session. The QID was grounded through the articles' page properties. Existence checks by name fragments (rebbu, rebbo, ربه) and by QID across data/person on origin/main found no prior record for him. Queue years (1881–1942) confirmed to the day. His brother relation to Ahmed al-Hiba is attested by the French biography ('the brother of Moulay Ahmed al-Hiba, whom he succeeded in 1919'), by the Arabic biography (his fighting beside his brother, and the succession), and by the Arabic al-Hiba article (which names Rebbu as the younger brother who led at Sidi Bou Othman and succeeded him); the sibling_of edge is written once, in al-Hiba's record as the elder. His father Ma al-'Aynayn's record is on main, so the child_of edge is written here.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-142"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "محمد مصطفى مربيه ربه بن [[person/ma-al-aynayn|ماء العينين]] (1881–1942) علامة ومجاهد مغربي صحراوي، وُلد يوم الأحد 14 ربيع الأول 1298 هـ الموافق 13 فبراير 1881 بتيرس في وادي الذهب، وهو الولد الثاني عشر للشيخ ماء العينين من زوجته ميمونة بنت أحمد علي.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} نشأ في زاوية أبيه بسمارة فحفظ القرآن ودرس العلوم الشرعية والأدبية، وسافر إلى الحجاز فحج وجاب بلاد الشام، وحفظ دواوين كثيرة.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}\n\nكان من رجال المقاومة منذ شبابه: قاتل إلى جانب أبيه وأخيه [[person/ahmed-al-hiba|أحمد الهيبة]]، وأسس سنة 1913 زاوية هصباوة بصبويا التي علّمت وأطعمت جيش المجاهدين، وشارك في معارك كثيرة منها الدفاع عن أكادير سنة 1916.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr} ولما مات أخوه الهيبة بُويع في مؤتمر كردوس المنعقد في 25 رمضان 1337 هـ قائدًا للمجاهدين وإمامًا لهم، فقاد المقاومة ضد فرنسا في سوس والأطلس الصغير ثلاثة وعشرين عامًا حتى سقطت كردوس سنة 1934.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr}\n\nانسحب عندئذ إلى الصحراء الإسبانية، فأقام بطرفاية وبنى بها زاوية (1937) مسجدًا ومدرسة ومأوى للفقراء والوافدين من أنحاء الصحراء، وحج سنة 1938 متنكرًا في زي حاج فقير، وتوفي بمخيمه بتافودارت في 19 ربيع الثاني 1361 هـ الموافق 4 مايو 1942 ودُفن بها.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} وخلف مؤلفات كثيرة في التصوف والفقه والطب والشعر والتاريخ، منها «ذخيرة المحتاج في الصلاة على صاحب اللواء والتاج» و«جامع جوامع التصوف».{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/merebbi-rebbu",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Muhammad Mustafa Murabbih Rabbuh ibn [[person/ma-al-aynayn|Ma al-'Aynayn]] (1881–1942) was a Moroccan-Saharan scholar and mujahid, born on Sunday 14 Rabi' al-Awwal 1298 AH, 13 February 1881, in the Tirs of Wadi al-Dhahab (Rio de Oro), the twelfth son of Shaykh Ma al-'Aynayn by his wife Maymuna bint Ahmad Ali.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} He grew up in his father's zawiya at Smara, memorised the Quran and studied the religious and literary sciences, travelled to the Hijaz for the Hajj and through the Levant, and committed many diwans to memory.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}\n\nHe was in the resistance from his youth: he fought beside his father and his brother [[person/ahmed-al-hiba|Ahmed al-Hiba]], founded the zawiya of Hasbawa at Sbouya in 1913 — which taught and provisioned the army of the mujahidin — and took part in many battles, among them the defence of Agadir in 1916.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr} When his brother al-Hiba died, he was given allegiance at the Kerdous conference of 25 Ramadan 1337 as leader and imam of the mujahidin, and he led the resistance to France in the Souss and the Anti-Atlas for twenty-three years, until Kerdous fell in 1934.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr}\n\nHe then withdrew to the Spanish Sahara, settled at Tarfaya and built its zawiya (1937) with a mosque, a school and a hostel for the poor and for travellers from across the desert, made the Hajj in 1938 disguised as a poor pilgrim, and died at his encampment of Tafoudart on 19 Rabi' al-Thani 1361 AH, 4 May 1942, where he is buried.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} He left many works on Sufism, fiqh, medicine, poetry and history, among them Dhakhirat al-Muhtaj and Jami' Jawami' al-Tasawwuf.{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/merebbi-rebbu",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمد مصطفیٰ مربيہ ربہ بن ماء العینین (1881–1942) مغربی صحرائی عالم اور مجاہد تھے، جو اتوار 14 ربیع الاول 1298ھ، 13 فروری 1881ء کو وادی الذہب کے تیرس میں پیدا ہوئے؛ وہ شیخ ماء العینین کے بارہویں بیٹے تھے اور ان کی والدہ میمونہ بنت احمد علی تھیں۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} وہ سمارہ میں والد کے زاویے میں پلے، قرآن حفظ کیا اور شرعی و ادبی علوم پڑھے، حجاز کا سفر کر کے حج کیا اور بلادِ شام گھومے، اور بہت سے دواوین زبانی یاد کیے۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}\n\nوہ جوانی ہی سے مزاحمت میں شامل تھے: والد اور بھائی احمد الہیبہ کے ساتھ لڑے، 1913ء میں صبویا میں زاویہ ہصباوہ قائم کیا جو مجاہدین کی فوج کو تعلیم و رسد دیتا تھا، اور بہت سی لڑائیوں میں شریک ہوئے، جن میں 1916ء میں اگادیر کا دفاع بھی تھا۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr} بھائی الہیبہ کی وفات پر 25 رمضان 1337ھ کو کاردوس کی کانفرنس میں انھیں مجاہدین کا قائد و امام منتخب کیا گیا، اور انھوں نے سوس اور صغیر اطلس میں فرانس کے خلاف تئیس سال مزاحمت کی قیادت کی، یہاں تک کہ 1934ء میں کاردوس سقوط پذیر ہوا۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr}\n\nتب وہ ہسپانوی صحارا چلے گئے، طرفایہ میں ٹھہرے اور وہاں (1937ء) زاویہ بنایا جس میں مسجد، مدرسہ اور فقرا و مسافروں کے لیے سرائے تھی، 1938ء میں غریب حاجی کے بھیس میں حج کیا، اور 19 ربیع الثانی 1361ھ، 4 مئی 1942ء کو تافودارت کے اپنے پڑاؤ میں وفات پائی اور وہیں دفن ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}{cite:wikidata-merebbi-rebbu} انھوں نے تصوف، فقہ، طب، شعر اور تاریخ پر بہت سی کتابیں چھوڑیں، جن میں «ذخیرۃ المحتاج» اور «جامع جوامع التصوف» شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/merebbi-rebbu",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abd-al-majid-ii",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-iskandarani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-shalabi",
  "person/abdelaziz-thaalbi",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/abdul-haq",
  "person/abdul-karim-amrullah",
  "person/abdulkadir-el-magribi",
  "person/abdullah-bin-jassim-al-thani"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-09",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ahmed-al-hiba",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "His younger brother Merebbi Rebbu (b. 1881), who succeeded him at Kerdous in 1919; written once here, in the elder brother's record. The French biography of Rebbu calls him al-Hiba's brother in its first lines, the Arabic biography of Rebbu records his fighting beside his brother Ahmed al-Hiba, and al-Hiba's Arabic infobox names Rebbu as his brother.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmed-al-hiba-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/france",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "low",
   "note": "Associated with فرنسا per the record's own summary text; relation type pending review.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikidata"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ma-al-aynayn",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "His father Shaykh Ma al-'Aynayn (Q2520973), whose record is on main; the French biography calls him the shaykh's son in its first lines, the Arabic biography names him the twelfth of his sons, and Wikidata names the same father. His sibling_of edge to Ahmed al-Hiba is written once in the elder brother's record, per house convention, and is not repeated here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-merebbi-rebbu-ar",
    "source/wikidata-merebbi-rebbu"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/fez",
  "person/ahmed-al-hiba",
  "person/ma-al-aynayn",
  "group/qadiriyya",
  "person/abdelkader-hadj-ali",
  "person/abdul-kader-kane",
  "person/ahmad-shah-qajar",
  "person/ahmadu-tall"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}