{
 "id": "person/mian-muhammad-bakhsh",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "mian-muhammad-bakhsh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ميان محمد بخش",
  "en": "Mian Muhammad Bakhsh",
  "ur": "میاں محمد بخش"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر صوفي بنجابي (حوالي 1830 – 1907) من خاري شريف في كشمير الحرة. أخذ البيعة عن غلام محمد في سلسلة دمريان والي سركار القادرية، وعاش في الخانقاه ولم يتزوج، وكتب ثمانية عشر كتاباً أشهرها «سيف الملوك» (سفر العشق)، المثنوية البنجابية في قصة الأمير سيف الملوك.",
  "en": "Punjabi Sufi poet (c. 1830 – 1907) of Khari Sharif in Azad Kashmir. He took bay'ah with Ghulam Muhammad in the Qadiri line of Damriyan Wali Sarkar, lived unmarried in the khanqah, and wrote eighteen books, most famously Saif-ul-Maluk (Safr-ul-Ishq), the Punjabi verse romance of Prince Saiful Maluk.",
  "ur": "پنجابی صوفی شاعر (تقریباً 1830ء – 1907ء) کھڑی شریف، آزاد کشمیر سے۔ سلسلہ قادریہ دمڑی والی سرکار میں سائیں غلام محمد سے بیعت ہوئے، عمر بھر خانقاہ میں رہے اور شادی نہ کی، اور اٹھارہ کتابیں لکھیں جن میں سب سے مشہور «سیف الملوک» (سفر العشق) ہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1829.9998631046496,
  "latest": 1907.0582558163096
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1830~",
   "hijri": "1246",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "There is considerable disagreement about his birth year, as both the English and Urdu articles set out: Mahbub Ali Faqir Qadri's biography, printed as an appendix to Saif-ul-Maluk and followed by the Shahkar Islami Encyclopedia, gives 1246 AH (1830 CE); other works suggest 1843; and Bakhsh himself states in Saif-ul-Maluk that he completed the work in Ramadan 1279 AH (1863) at the age of thirty-three, which places his birth in 1829 or 1830. The year 1830 is followed, as in the lane queue; it is approximate. Khari Sharif has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year is Qadri's biographical date, as reported by the articles.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1907-01-22",
   "hijri": "1324",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 22 January 1907 at Khari Sharif — the English article gives the day and month and dates it to 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1324 AH; the Urdu article and Wikidata agree on 1907 and Wikidata's precise value is 22 January 1907 — and he was buried at Khari Sharif near his ancestor Damriyan Wali Sarkar. Khari Sharif has no place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. The Hijri year is a conversion, agreeing with the English article's own Hijri date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur",
    "source/wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Mian Muhammad Bakhsh",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "میاں محمد بخش",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Mian Muhammad Bakhsha",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "mystic"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1830~",
   "hijri": "1246",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "There is considerable disagreement about his birth year, as both the English and Urdu articles set out: Mahbub Ali Faqir Qadri's biography, printed as an appendix to Saif-ul-Maluk and followed by the Shahkar Islami Encyclopedia, gives 1246 AH (1830 CE); other works suggest 1843; and Bakhsh himself states in Saif-ul-Maluk that he completed the work in Ramadan 1279 AH (1863) at the age of thirty-three, which places his birth in 1829 or 1830. The year 1830 is followed, as in the lane queue; it is approximate. Khari Sharif has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year is Qadri's biographical date, as reported by the articles.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1907-01-22",
   "hijri": "1324",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 22 January 1907 at Khari Sharif — the English article gives the day and month and dates it to 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1324 AH; the Urdu article and Wikidata agree on 1907 and Wikidata's precise value is 22 January 1907 — and he was buried at Khari Sharif near his ancestor Damriyan Wali Sarkar. Khari Sharif has no place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. The Hijri year is a conversion, agreeing with the English article's own Hijri date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur",
    "source/wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Independent texts state his personal discipleship and his order affiliation, which is the lane's test for a sufi segment. The English text recounts that his father invested him as khalifa and presented him to Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani as his spiritual successor, and that he later took the formal bay'ah with Ghulam Muhammad, khalifa of Baba Baduh Shah Abdal in the line of Damriyan Wali Sarkar. The Urdu text, independently written, states in its silsila section that his chain of tariqa is Qadiri, Qalandari and Hujwiri, and records his bay'ah to Sain Ghulam Muhammad of Kalrodi Sharif. The Arabic text states in its lead that he belonged to the Qadiri Sufi order. The member_of edge is written to the Qadiriyya, the order the texts name first and most plainly. No madhhab is named for him in any consulted text, so no school segment is recorded; Wikidata's single religion value (Islam) is a structured value and is not counted.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
     "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur",
     "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q6814654"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en",
   "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur",
   "source/wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Mian Muhammad Bakhsh' (revision 1373419176), Urdu Wikipedia 'میاں محمد بخش' (revision 11798304) and Arabic Wikipedia 'ميان محمد بخش' (revision 71709580), each fetched by its recorded revision id with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q6814654 (item revision 2554753981). The three articles rest on different source traditions (the Academy of the Punjab in North America and Shackle for the English; Hashmi's Punjabi Zaban o Adab and the Qadri tazkira tradition for the Urdu; a Rajput history for the Arabic lineage section) and are counted as independent texts. Existence checks by name fragments (bakhsh, muhammad bakhsh, محمد بخش), by Arabic label across data/person, by biography and by QID found no prior record for this man. His murshid Ghulam Muhammad has no person record, so no student_of edge is written; the member_of edge to group/qadiriyya is written once, here, in the subject's own record (Bakhsh member_of the Qadiriyya). The lane queue gives 1830–1907.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-77"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "ميان محمد بخش (حوالي 1830 – 22 كانون الثاني 1907) شاعر ومتصوف بنجابي من خاري شريف في آزاد كشمير، ينتمي إلى الطريقة القادرية الصوفية، ويُنظر إليه بأنه الرومي في منطقة شبه القارة.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar} كتب ثمانية عشر كتاباً في حياته البالغة سبعة وسبعين عاماً، وأشهرها «سيف الملوك» في قصة الأمير سيف الملوك، والملحمة الرومانسية «ميرزا صاحبان».{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar} وتذكر المقالة الأردية أن سلسلة طريقته قادري وقلندري وحجروي.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته وسنة مولده",
     "markdown": "وُلد في خاري شريف إبان حكم السيخ في أسرة غوجرية بنجابية (بسوال) أصولها من كجرات.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar} ويكثر الخلاف حول سنة مولده: كتب محبوب علي فقير قادري في سيرته الملحقة بديوان سيف الملوك أن ميلاده في 1246هـ (1830م) واعتمدت الموسوعة الإسلامية هذا التاريخ أيضاً، وفي مصادر أخرى 1843، وذكر ميان محمد بخش نفسه أنه أنهى «سيف الملوك» في رمضان 1279هـ (1863م) وعمره آنذاك ثلاثة وثلاثون عاماً، فيكون مولده سنة 1829 أو 1830.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar} تلقى تعليمه الأول في البيت ثم درس العلوم الدينية، ولا سيما الحديث، في مدرسة حافظ محمد علي في سموال شريف.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بيعته وطريقته",
     "markdown": "حين كان في الخامسة عشرة قدّمه والده ميان شمس الدين وهو على فراش الموت إلى تلاميذه وأهل محلته خليفة له في النسب الروحي المأخوذ عن بير شاه غازي قلندر دمريان والي سركار، مخاطباً مؤسس طريقتهم الشيخ عبد القادر الجيلاني ومقدّماً ابنه إليه خليفة روحياً.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} وفي التاسعة عشرة انتقل إلى الخانقاه فأقام فيها بقية حياته ولم يتزوج.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} ورغم أنه كان قد جُعل خليفة لأبيه، فقد أخذ البيعة الرسمية بعد ذلك عن غلام محمد، خليفة بابا بدوه شاه أبدال في السلسلة نفسها.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} وتذكر المقالة الأردية بيعته لسائیں غلام محمد الكلرودي.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أعماله",
     "markdown": "«سيف الملوك»، واسمه الأصلي «سفر العشق»، الذي أتمه عام 1863، هو أشهر أعماله؛ ومن أعماله الأخرى «ميرزا صاحبان» و«سوهني مهيوال» و«تحفة ميران» و«تحفة رسولية» و«شيرين فرهاد» و«بنج گنج» و«هداية المسلمين» وشرح على قصيدة البردة للبوصيري.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته وأثره",
     "markdown": "توفي في 7 ذي الحجة 1324هـ (22 كانون الثاني 1907) ودُفن في خاري شريف قرب جده الروحي دمريان والي سركار، وما يزال الناس يزورون ضريحه للتبرك.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} وهو معظّم في البنجاب وهزارة وآزاد كشمير كلها، ويُعد الجسر بين الأدب البنجابي الوسيط وأوائل الحديث.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mian-muhammad-bakhsh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Mian Muhammad Bakhsh (c. 1830 – 22 January 1907) was a Punjabi Sufi poet from Khari Sharif in present-day Azad Kashmir; he wrote eighteen books in his lifetime of seventy-seven years and is especially remembered for Saif-ul-Maluk, his Punjabi poetic rendering of the tale of Prince Saiful Maluk.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} The Urdu article states that his chain of tariqa is Qadiri, Qalandari and Hujwiri.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} The Arabic article calls him a Punjabi poet and Sufi belonging to the Qadiri Sufi order.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and birth year",
     "markdown": "He was born at Khari Sharif during Sikh rule into a Punjabi Gujar Poswal family with roots in Gujrat.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} There is considerable disagreement about his year of birth: Mahbub Ali Faqir Qadri's biography, printed as an appendix to Saif-ul-Maluk and followed by the Shahkar Islami Encyclopedia, gives 1246 AH (1830), other works suggest 1843, and Bakhsh himself states in Saif-ul-Maluk that he completed the work in Ramadan 1279 AH (1863) at thirty-three years of age, which places his birth in 1829 or 1830.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} He received his early education at home and then studied religious sciences, especially hadith, at the madrassah of Hafiz Muhammad Ali in Samwal Sharif.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Discipleship",
     "markdown": "When he was fifteen his father Mian Shamsuddin, on his deathbed, presented him before the assembled students and notaries as his spiritual successor in the lineage received from Pir-e Shah Ghazi Qalandar Damriyan Wali Sarkar, addressing the founder of their order, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani, and presenting his son to him.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} At nineteen he moved into the khanqah, where he remained for the rest of his life, and he never married.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} Although he had essentially been made a khalifah of his father, he later took the formal pledge of allegiance, bay'ah, with Ghulam Muhammad, the khalifah of Baba Baduh Shah Abdal in the same line.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} The Urdu article likewise records his bay'ah to Sain Ghulam Muhammad of Kalrodi Sharif.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "Saif-ul-Maluk, whose full title is Safr-ul-Ishq (Journey of Love), was completed in 1863 and is considered his masterpiece; his other works include the romantic tragedy Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal, Tuhfah-e-Miran, Tuhfah-e-Rasuliyah, Shirin Farhad, Panj Ganj, Hidayat-ul-Muslimin and a commentary on al-Busiri's Qasidat al-Burda.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death and legacy",
     "markdown": "He died on 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1324 AH (22 January 1907) and was buried at Khari Sharif, not far from his ancestor Damriyan Wali Sarkar; many people still visit his tomb for spiritual blessings.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} He is revered throughout the Punjab, Hazara and Azad Kashmir and is regarded as the bridge between medieval and early-modern Punjabi literature.{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mian-muhammad-bakhsh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "میاں محمد بخش (تقریباً 1830ء – 22 جنوری 1907ء) کھڑی شریف، آزاد کشمیر سے تعلق رکھنے والے پنجابی صوفی شاعر تھے؛ انھوں نے اپنی 77 سالہ زندگی میں 18 کتابیں تصنیف کیں اور وہ بالخصوص اپنی مثنوی «سیف الملوک» کے لیے مشہور ہیں، جس میں داستانِ شہزادہ سیف الملوک کو شعری انداز میں قلمبند کیا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} آپ کا سلسلہ طریقت قادری قلندری اور حجروی ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور سنہ ولادت",
     "markdown": "میاں صاحب 1830ء میں کھڑی شریف میں سکھ دورِ حکومت میں پنجابی گوجروں کے پسوال خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے، جس کا آبائی علاقہ چک بہرام، گجرات تھا۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} ان کی پیدائش کے سال کے بارے میں اختلاف ہے: محبوب علی فقیر قادری نے سیف الملوک کے متن کے ضمیمے کی سوانح میں تاریخ پیدائش 1246 ہجری (1830 عیسوی) بتائی، جو شاہکار اسلامی انسائیکلو پیڈیا میں بھی نقل ہوئی؛ دیگر حوالوں میں 1843ء بھی تجویز کیا گیا ہے؛ اور میاں محمد بخش خود سیف الملوک میں فرماتے ہیں کہ انھوں نے یہ تصنیف رمضان 1279ھ (1863ء) میں مکمل کی اور اس وقت ان کی عمر تینتیس برس تھی، اس لیے وہ 1829 یا 1830 میں پیدا ہوئے ہوں گے۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} ابتدائی تعلیم گھر پر حاصل کی، پھر بڑے بھائی میاں بہاول کے ساتھ سموال شریف میں حافظ محمد علی کے مدرسے میں مذہبی علوم بالخصوص علم حدیث کی تعلیم حاصل کی۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بیعت و سلسلہ",
     "markdown": "میاں محمد ابھی پندرہ سال کے تھے کہ والد میاں شمس الدین نے بستر مرگ پر اپنے تمام طلبہ اور اہل محلہ کو بلا کر انھیں پیرا شاہ غازی قلندر دمڑی والی سرکار سے حاصل شدہ روحانی نسب کا جانشین مقرر کیا اور بغداد کی طرف رخ کر کے سلسلے کے بانی شیخ عبد القادر گیلانی کو مخاطب کرتے ہوئے بیٹے کو ان کے سامنے روحانی جانشین کے طور پر پیش کیا۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} انیس سال کی عمر میں وہ خانقاہ میں منتقل ہو گئے، جہاں ساری زندگی رہے، اور انھوں نے کبھی شادی نہیں کی۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur} باوجود اس کے کہ وہ دراصل والد کے خلیفہ بنائے جا چکے تھے، انھوں نے بعد میں باقاعدہ بیعت سائیں غلام محمد سے کی، جو بابا بدوہ شاہ ابدال کے خلیفہ تھے؛ اردو مضمون کے مطابق ان کی بیعت سائیں غلام محمد کلروڑی شریف والوں سے تھی۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تصانیف",
     "markdown": "«سیف الملوک»، جس کا اصل نام «سفر العشق» ہے اور جو 1863ء میں مکمل ہوئی، ان کی شاہکار تصنیف ہے؛ دیگر تصانیف میں «مرزا صاحباں»، «سوہنی میہنوال»، «تحفہ میراں»، «تحفہ رسولیہ»، «شیرین فرہاد»، «پنج گنج»، «ہدایت المسلمین» اور بوصیری کی قصیدہ بردہ کی شرح شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وصال و اثرات",
     "markdown": "ان کا وصال 7 ذی الحجہ 1324ھ (22 جنوری 1907ء) کو ہوا اور وہ کھڑی شریف میں اپنے روحانی جد دمڑی والی سرکار کے قریب مدفون ہیں؛ آج بھی لوگ برکت کے لیے ان کے مزار کی زیارت کرتے ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en} میاں صاحب کو پنجاب، ہزارہ اور آزاد کشمیر میں برابر معزز مانا جاتا ہے اور انھیں قرون وسطیٰ اور ابتدائی جدید پنجابی ادب کے درمیان پل سمجھا جاتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar}} {{cite:wikidata-mian-muhammad-bakhsh}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mian-muhammad-bakhsh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/alpha-yaya-diallo",
  "person/huseyn-efendi-qayibov",
  "person/jassim-bin-mohammed-al-thani",
  "person/kurmanjan-datka",
  "person/mirza-abu-turab-akhundzade",
  "person/almamy-suluku",
  "person/muhammad-husain-azad",
  "person/hashim-jalilul-alam-aqamaddin",
  "person/nazir-ahmad-dehlvi",
  "person/ma-al-aynayn",
  "person/waris-ali-shah",
  "person/salim-al-bishri"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/qadiriyya",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ur",
    "source/wikipedia-mian-muhammad-bakhsh-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abdul-aleem-siddiqui",
  "person/kunta-haji-kishiev",
  "person/ma-al-aynayn",
  "person/mukhtar-al-kunti",
  "person/nana-asmau",
  "person/seku-amadu",
  "person/uways-al-barawi",
  "group/qadiriyya"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}