{
 "id": "person/mohammad-mosaddegh",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "mohammad-mosaddegh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمد مصدق",
  "en": "Mohammad Mosaddegh",
  "ur": "محمد مصدق"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "محمد مصدق (1882–1967)، محامٍ وسياسي إيراني، رئيس وزراء إيران من 1951 إلى 1953. درس الحقوق في فرنسا وسويسرا ونال الدكتوراه، وقاد تأميم شركة النفط الأنجلو-إيرانية فأطاح به انقلاب آب 1953 المدعوم أمريكيًا وبريطانيًا، وحُوكم أمام محكمة عسكرية ثم عاش تحت الإقامة الجبرية في أحمد آباد حتى وفاته في 5 آذار 1967.",
  "en": "Mohammad Mosaddegh (1882–1967) was an Iranian lawyer and politician, prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. Educated in law in France and Switzerland, where he took a doctorate, he led the nationalisation of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, was overthrown in the August 1953 coup backed by the United States and Britain, tried before a military court, and lived under house arrest at Ahmadabad until his death on 5 March 1967.",
  "ur": "محمد مصدق (1882ء–1967ء) ایرانی وکیل اور سیاست دان تھے، 1951ء سے 1953ء تک ایران کے وزیرِ اعظم رہے۔ انہوں نے فرانس اور سوئٹزرلینڈ میں قانون کی تعلیم اور ڈاکٹریٹ حاصل کی، اینگلو-ایرانین آئل کمپنی کی قومی تحویل کی قیادت کی، اگست 1953ء کی امریکی و برطانوی حمایت یافتہ بغاوت میں معزول ہوئے، فوجی عدالت میں مقدمہ چلا اور 5 مارچ 1967ء کو وفات تک احمد آباد میں نظر بند رہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1882.4554234515424,
  "latest": 1967.1744799687563
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1882-06-16",
   "hijri": "1299",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Tehran on 16 June 1882; the English article (citing Britannica) and the other articles agree. Wikidata carries a second value, 19 May 1882, which no article supports and which is not followed. Tehran has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year (1299) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
    "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1967-03-05",
   "hijri": "1386",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Najmieh Hospital in Tehran on 5 March 1967 — the Persian article gives 14 Esfand 1345, the same day — after years of house arrest at Ahmadabad, where he was buried; neither Tehran nor Ahmadabad has a place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. Wikidata also carries a stray 4 March 1967 value, not followed. The Hijri year (1386) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa",
    "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Mohammad Mosaddegh",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "محمد مصدق",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "jurist"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1882-06-16",
   "hijri": "1299",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Tehran on 16 June 1882; the English article (citing Britannica) and the other articles agree. Wikidata carries a second value, 19 May 1882, which no article supports and which is not followed. Tehran has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year (1299) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
    "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1967-03-05",
   "hijri": "1386",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Najmieh Hospital in Tehran on 5 March 1967 — the Persian article gives 14 Esfand 1345, the same day — after years of house arrest at Ahmadabad, where he was buried; neither Tehran nor Ahmadabad has a place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. Wikidata also carries a stray 4 March 1967 value, not followed. The Hijri year (1386) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa",
    "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED (one personal attestation, in his own words, carried by a single text). The Persian article quotes verbatim, from Jalil Bozorgmehr's published record of his military trial (Mosaddegh dar Mahkame-ye Nezami, p. 413), his declaration at the trial's seventeenth session, on 7 Azar 1332 (28 November 1953), made while emphasising his religious beliefs: that he confessed himself a Muslim and a Twelver Shia, whose path was the path of Husayn. That is a first-person self-declaration naming the branch — but it reaches the museum through one text only, a single attestation chain. No other edition carries it: the English and Arabic texts name no affiliation for him (the Arabic text's Shia are clerics who withdrew support from him), and the Urdu stub names none. Wikidata carries Shia Islam in general (Q9585), which names no branch and does not independently corroborate the branch the quotation names. His Neuchâtel doctorate on wills in Islamic law and the Shia school is an academic subject, not an attestation. One source family short of the two-text bar. Recorded unknown with the attestation preserved here in full.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa",
     "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
     "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q123037"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-en",
   "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa",
   "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-mosaddegh-ur",
   "source/wikidata-mosaddegh"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Persian, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Mohammad Mosaddegh, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1378744044, FA 44449707, AR 76014607, UR 9443968) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q123037 (item revision 2558176296; the claims used were read twice with identical results), the QID grounded through the English article's pageprops and confirmed through the other articles' langlinks. Existence checks by Latin, Arabic and Persian fragments and by all likely slug variants (Mosaddegh/Mossadegh spellings) across data/person, by the grounded QID across all person files, and by biography found no prior record. No relations are written: Tehran and Ahmadabad have no place entities; his predecessor as prime minister, Hossein Ala', and his successor after the 1953 coup, Fazlollah Zahedi, both named in the articles, have no museum records, and an edge is never written to a record that does not exist; the succession is stated in the prose instead. No unbelief attestation exists in any source read, so no atheist-or-sceptic question arises; his secular nationalism is a political position, not an attestation.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-99"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعليمه وبداياته",
     "markdown": "وُلد في طهران — واسم ميلاده ميرزا محمد خان مصدق السلطنة — ودرس المالية والحقوق في فرنسا ثم سويسرا، ونال الدكتوراه في الحقوق من جامعة نوشاتل بأطروحة عن الوصية في الفقه الإسلامي ومذهب الشيعة؛ وتذكر المقالة الفارسية أنه أول إيراني يحمل دكتوراه في الحقوق. انتُخب نائبًا في البرلمان سنة 1923 وتولى مناصب وزارية وإقليمية قبل رئاسته للحكومة. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "رئاسته للحكومة وإطاحته",
     "markdown": "بصفته رئيسًا للوزراء قاد تأميم شركة النفط الأنجلو-إيرانية. وفي آب 1953 أطاح به انقلاب دعمته الولايات المتحدة وبريطانيا، وحُوكم أمام محكمة عسكرية وسُجن ثم وُضع تحت الإقامة الجبرية في أحمد آباد بقية حياته. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "توفي في مستشفى نجميه بطهران في 5 آذار 1967 — تعطي المقالة الفارسية التاريخ 14 اسفند 1345 — ودُفن في أحمد آباد. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دينه",
     "markdown": "يُسجَّل دينه غير معروف، مع حفظ شهادة لافتة. تقتبس المقالة الفارسية حرفيًا من سجل محاكمته العسكرية المنشور تصريحه في الجلسة السابعة عشرة من محاكمته في تشرين الثاني 1953، وهو يؤكد معتقداته الدينية: أنه يعترف بأنه مسلم وشيعي اثنا عشري وأن مسلكه مسلك الحسين. وهذا تصريح بصيغة المتكلم يسمّي الفرع بنفسه، وهو دليل قوي في نوعه، لكنه يصلنا عبر نص واحد — سلسلة شهادة واحدة — ولا تحمله أي طبعة أخرى؛ ويعطي ويكي بيانات الشيعة عمومًا فقط بلا فرع. وبنقص أسرة مصدر واحدة عن الحد، يبقى السجل غير معروف مع حفظ التصريح كاملاً في سجل الشخص. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- المصادر المعرّفة المستشهد بها أعلاه، وهي مسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- ترجمات وتعديلات لاحقة للمقال تحتاج إلى مراجعة دورية مع تواريخ تحديث واضحة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mohammad-mosaddegh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Education and early career",
     "markdown": "Born in Tehran, Mosaddegh — born Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh — studied finance and law in France and then Switzerland, taking a doctorate in law at the University of Neuchâtel with a thesis on wills in Islamic law and the Shia school; the Persian article notes that he was the first Iranian to hold a doctorate in law. He was elected to the Iranian parliament in 1923 and held ministerial and provincial posts before his premiership. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Premiership and overthrow",
     "markdown": "As prime minister he led the nationalisation of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In August 1953 he was overthrown in a coup backed by the United States and Britain, tried before a military court, imprisoned and then held under house arrest at Ahmadabad for the rest of his life. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He died at Najmieh Hospital in Tehran on 5 March 1967 — the Persian article gives 14 Esfand 1345 — and was buried at Ahmadabad. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Religion",
     "markdown": "His faith is recorded as unknown, with one remarkable attestation preserved. The Persian article quotes, from the published record of his military trial, his declaration at the trial's seventeenth session in November 1953, made while emphasising his religious beliefs: that he confessed himself a Muslim and a Twelver Shia, whose path was the path of Husayn. A first-person self-declaration naming the branch is strong evidence of its kind, but it reaches us through a single text — one attestation chain — and no other edition carries it; Wikidata gives only Shia Islam in general, which names no branch. One source family short of the bar, the record stays unknown with the declaration preserved in full on the person record. {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mohammad-mosaddegh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم اور ابتدائی زندگی",
     "markdown": "وہ تہران میں پیدا ہوئے — پیدائشی نام مرزا محمد خان مصدق السلطنہ تھا — فرانس اور پھر سوئٹزرلینڈ میں مالیات اور قانون پڑھا اور نوشاتل یونیورسٹی سے قانون میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی جس کا مقالہ اسلامی قانون اور شیعہ مذہب میں وصیت پر تھا؛ فارسی مقالہ نوٹ کرتا ہے کہ وہ قانون میں ڈاکٹریٹ رکھنے والے پہلے ایرانی تھے۔ وہ 1923ء میں پارلیمان کے رکن منتخب ہوئے اور وزارتِ عظمیٰ سے پہلے وزارتی اور صوبائی عہدے سنبھالے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وزارتِ عظمیٰ اور معزولی",
     "markdown": "بطور وزیرِ اعظم انہوں نے اینگلو-ایرانین آئل کمپنی کی قومی تحویل کی قیادت کی۔ اگست 1953ء میں امریکہ اور برطانیہ کی حمایت یافتہ بغاوت نے انہیں معزول کر دیا، فوجی عدالت میں ان پر مقدمہ چلا، وہ قید ہوئے اور پھر زندگی بھر احمد آباد میں نظر بند رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-en} {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "وہ 5 مارچ 1967ء کو تہران کے نجمیہ ہسپتال میں وفات پا گئے — فارسی مقالہ 14 اسفند 1345ء دیتا ہے — اور احمد آباد میں مدفون ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذہب",
     "markdown": "ان کا مذہب نامعلوم درج ہے، ایک نمایاں شہادت محفوظ کی گئی ہے۔ فارسی مقالہ ان کے فوجی مقدمے کے مطبوعہ ریکارڈ سے حرف بحرف وہ اعلان نقل کرتا ہے جو انہوں نے نومبر 1953ء میں مقدمے کے سترہویں اجلاس میں اپنے دینی عقائد پر زور دیتے ہوئے کیا تھا: کہ وہ اقرار کرتے ہیں کہ وہ مسلمان اور شیعہ اثنا عشری ہیں اور ان کا راستہ حسین کا راستہ ہے۔ شاخ کا نام لینے والا یہ اول شخصی اعلان اپنی نوعیت میں مضبوط شہادت ہے، مگر ہمیں صرف ایک متن سے پہنچتا ہے — شہادت کا ایک ہی سلسلہ — اور کوئی دوسری طباعت اسے نہیں رکھتی؛ ویکی ڈیٹا صرف عمومی شیعہ اسلام دیتا ہے جو کوئی شاخ نہیں بتاتا۔ ایک ماخذ خاندان کم ہونے کی وجہ سے ریکارڈ نامعلوم رہتا ہے اور اعلان شخص کے ریکارڈ پر مکمل محفوظ ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mosaddegh-fa} {cite:wikidata-mosaddegh}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر حوالہ دیے گئے متعین ماخذ، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر نظرثانی تاریخ کے ساتھ ہو، اور بتائے کہ کس ماخذ کی بنیاد پر کون سی بات بدلی گئی۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mohammad-mosaddegh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/alauddin-khan",
  "person/ali-al-mirghani",
  "person/hassan-taqizadeh",
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad",
  "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
  "person/sati-al-husri",
  "person/ustad-ghulam-hossein",
  "person/atiya-fyzee",
  "person/ali-fuat-cebesoy",
  "person/da-pusheng",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-isa-al-khalifa"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}