{ "id": "person/mohammed-daoud-khan", "class": "person", "slug": "mohammed-daoud-khan", "label": { "ar": "محمد داود خان", "en": "Mohammad Daoud Khan", "ur": "محمد داؤد خان" }, "summary": { "ar": "ضابط وسياسي أفغاني من الأسرة الملكية الموساهيبانية، وُلد في كابل سنة 1909. تولى رئاسة الحكومة (1953-1963) في عهد ابن عمه الملك ظاهر شاه، ثم أطاح بالملكية في انقلاب 1973 وأعلن الجمهورية وكان أول رؤسائها، حتى اغتيل مع معظم أسرته في انقلاب ثور الشيوعي في 28 أبريل 1978.", "en": "Afghan military officer and politician of the Musahiban royal family, born at Kabul in 1909. He was prime minister (1953–1963) under his cousin King Zahir Shah, then overthrew the monarchy in the 1973 coup, proclaimed the republic and became its first president, until he was assassinated with most of his family in the communist Saur Revolution on 28 April 1978.", "ur": "افغان فوجی افسر اور مصاحبان شاہی خاندان کے سیاست دان، جو 1909ء میں کابل میں پیدا ہوئے۔ اپنے چچا زاد بادشاہ ظاہر شاہ کے دور میں وزیرِ اعظم (1953ء–1963ء) رہے، پھر 1973ء کی بغاوت میں بادشاہت ختم کر کے جمہوریہ کا اعلان کیا اور اس کے پہلے صدر بنے، حتیٰ کہ 28 اپریل 1978ء کو ثور انقلاب میں بیشتر خاندان سمیت قتل کر دیے گئے۔" }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "periods": [], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "span": { "earliest": 1909.5415374716797, "latest": 1978.3232373012133 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "1909-07-18", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": false, "note": "Born on 18 July 1909 at Kabul, the eldest son of the diplomat Prince Mohammad Aziz Khan, as all three articles and Wikidata give. No source gives a Hijri pairing for this date, so none is recorded.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] }, "end": { "edtf": "1978-04-28", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": false, "note": "Assassinated on 28 April 1978 at Kabul in the Saur Revolution, as all three articles and Wikidata give. The English article gives his resting place as near Taj Beg hill in Kabul; his body was located in 2008 and he received a state funeral in 2009. No source gives a Hijri pairing for this date, so none is recorded.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] } }, "data": { "names": [ { "value": "Mohammad Daoud Khan", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "محمد داود خان", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Daud Khan", "kind": "alternate" }, { "value": "Dawood Khan", "kind": "alternate" }, { "value": "Sardar", "kind": "laqab" } ], "gender": "male", "roles": [ "politician" ], "born": { "edtf": "1909-07-18", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": false, "note": "Born on 18 July 1909 at Kabul, the eldest son of the diplomat Prince Mohammad Aziz Khan, as all three articles and Wikidata give. No source gives a Hijri pairing for this date, so none is recorded.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1978-04-28", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": false, "note": "Assassinated on 28 April 1978 at Kabul in the Saur Revolution, as all three articles and Wikidata give. The English article gives his resting place as near Taj Beg hill in Kabul; his body was located in 2008 and he received a state funeral in 2009. No source gives a Hijri pairing for this date, so none is recorded.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] }, "faith": [ { "value": "unknown", "basis": "unknown", "note": "FLAGGED: no text names a school for him. The school is named only by one structured family: the Arabic article's infobox value Sunni Islam (Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a) and Wikidata's Sunni value (Q483654) — one structured attestation, which never counts twice. The English and Urdu articles carry no religion field. The English text's mentions of Islam are state policy (the 1977 constitution's blend of 'socialism and Islam') and the detail that his body was identified by the small golden Quran he always carried — personal practice, which does not name a school. His royal descent and his headship of state are family and office under the headship line. Under the two-source rule and the doubt rule the value therefore stays unknown, with the structured attestations preserved here.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] } ], "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q310247" }, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ur", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ], "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "English, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Mohammad Daoud Khan and his Wikidata item Q310247 (grounded through the English article's page properties, not by name search, and grepped across all data/person files with no match), all read on 27 October 2026, each article fetched by its recorded revision id with equality asserted on a second read; no text names a school for him — Sunni appears only in one structured family (the Arabic infobox and Wikidata) — so his faith is unknown FLAGGED. No relation is written for his kinship to Zahir Shah: he was the king's cousin and brother-in-law, and no predicate covers cousin or in-law relations; his marriage to the king's sister Zamina Begum is in the prose and she has no record. No spouse edge is written here for that reason. No succession edges are written, the 1973 coup and the Saur Revolution being office succession.", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)", "run": "century-additions-118" }, "status": { "review": "published", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "محمد داود خان (18 يوليو 1909 - 28 أبريل 1978) ضابط وسياسي أفغاني من الأسرة الملكية الموساهيبانية. تولى رئاسة الحكومة من 1953 إلى 1963 في عهد ابن عمه الملك ظاهر شاه، ثم أطاح بالملكية في انقلاب 1973 وكان أول رئيس لجمهورية أفغانستان، حتى اغتيل في انقلاب ثور سنة 1978. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "النشأة والمسيرة العسكرية", "markdown": "وُلد داود خان في كابل، وهو الابن الأكبر للدبلوماسي الأمير محمد عزيز خان، الأخ غير الشقيق الأكبر للملك محمد نادر شاه. اغتيل والده في برلين سنة 1933 وهو سفير أفغانستان في ألمانيا، فصار داود وأخوه نعيم تحت وصاية عمهما محمد هاشم خان. تعلّم في فرنسا، وتولى حكومات إقليمية، ثم قيادة القوات المركزية من 1939 فقاد القوات الأفغانية في الثورات القبلية 1944-1947، وتولى لاحقا وزارتي الدفاع والداخلية وسفارة فرنسا. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "رئاسة الحكومة", "markdown": "عُيّن رئيسا للحكومة في سبتمبر 1953 وبقي عشر سنوات. تميّز عهده بالتوجه نحو الاتحاد السوفيتي في السياسة الخارجية، وبإتمام مشروع وادي هلمند، وبخطوات حذرة في تحرير المرأة. طالب ببشتونستان رافضا خط دوراند، وأرسل قواته إلى باجور في 1960 و1961. وبعد أن أخفق في إقناع الملك بنظام الحزب الواحد أُجبر على الاستقالة سنة 1963. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "الرئاسة", "markdown": "في 17 يوليو 1973، وبدعم ضباط الجيش، أطاح بالملكية في انقلاب شبه سلمي والملك في الخارج، وأعلن جمهورية أفغانستان وصار أول رؤسائها، وحكم حكما استبداديا عبر حزبه الثوري الوطني. جمع نظامه إصلاحات ذات نزعة اشتراكية وقومية؛ وتصف المقالة دستور 1977 بأن فيه نزعة قومية إضافة إلى اشتراكية سابقة وإسلام. طهّر حكومته من الشيوعيين وسعى إلى النأي بأفغانستان عن التبعية للسوفييت، فانتقده موسكو. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "الوفاة", "markdown": "في 28 أبريل 1978 أُطيح به واغتيل مع معظم أسرته في انقلاب ثور الذي قاده الجيش وحزب الشعب الديمقراطي الأفغاني. اكتُشف جثمانه بعد ثلاثين سنة وتُعرّف عليه من مصحف صغير مذهّب أهداه إياه الملك خالد ملك السعودية وكان يحمله دائما؛ وأُقيمت له جنازة رسمية سنة 2009، ومثواه قرب تل تاج بيك في كابل. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "سجل الإيمان", "markdown": "لا يسمي أي مصدر قُرئ لهذا السجل مذهبه في نصه. يُسجَّل إيمانه مجهولا: فالسنية تظهر فقط في عائلة بنيوية واحدة هي صندوق معلومات المقالة العربية وقيمة ويكي بيانات، وإشارات المقالة الإنجليزية إلى الإسلام شأن سياسة دولة ومصحف كان يحمله، لا شهادة مذهب. الشهادات محفوظة في ملف البيانات. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar} {cite:wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan}" }, { "heading": "الحياة الشخصية", "markdown": "تزوج زمينة بيغوم، أخت الملك ظاهر شاه، فكان الملك ابن عمه وصهره في آن، وله ثمانية أبناء. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "المراجع", "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- كل مراجعة لهذه المقالة تُؤرَّخ وتُسمّي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/mohammed-daoud-khan", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-27" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "Mohammad Daoud Khan (18 July 1909 – 28 April 1978) was an Afghan military officer and politician of the Musahiban royal family. He was prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 under his cousin King Zahir Shah, overthrew the monarchy in the coup of 1973, and served as the first president of the Republic of Afghanistan until he was assassinated in the Saur Revolution of 1978. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Early life and military career", "markdown": "He was born in Kabul, the eldest son of the diplomat Prince Mohammad Aziz Khan, an older half-brother of King Mohammad Nadir Shah. His father was assassinated in Berlin in 1933 while serving as ambassador to Germany, and Daoud and his brother Naim came under the tutelage of their uncle Mohammad Hashim Khan. Educated in France, he served as a provincial governor, then as commander of the Central Forces from 1939, leading Afghan forces in the tribal revolts of 1944–1947, and later as defence minister, interior minister and ambassador to France. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Premiership", "markdown": "Appointed prime minister in September 1953, he held the office for a decade. His tenure was noted for a foreign-policy turn toward the Soviet Union, completion of the Helmand Valley project, and tentative steps in the emancipation of women. He pressed the Pashtunistan claim against Pakistan, rejecting the Durand Line, and sent troops into Bajaur in 1960 and 1961. Having failed to persuade the king to implement a one-party system, he was forced to resign in 1963. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Presidency", "markdown": "On 17 July 1973, with the backing of army officers, he overthrew the monarchy in a nearly bloodless coup while the king was abroad, proclaimed the Republic of Afghanistan and became its first president, ruling autocratically through his National Revolutionary Party. His regime combined socialist-leaning reforms with nationalism; the 1977 constitution is described by the article as having a nationalist bend in addition to previous socialism and Islam. He purged communists from his government and sought to distance Afghanistan from Soviet dependence, which drew criticism from Moscow. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Death", "markdown": "On 28 April 1978 he was deposed and assassinated, with most of his family, in the Saur Revolution led by the military and the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. His body was discovered thirty years later and identified by a small golden Quran, a gift from King Khalid of Saudi Arabia, that he always carried; he received a state funeral in 2009, and his resting place is near Taj Beg hill in Kabul. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Faith record", "markdown": "No source read for this record names his school in its text. His faith is recorded as unknown: Sunni appears only in one structured family — the Arabic article's infobox and the Wikidata value — and the English text's references to Islam are matters of state policy and of the Quran he carried, not school attestations. The attestations are preserved in the data file. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar} {cite:wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan}" }, { "heading": "Personal life", "markdown": "He was married to Zamina Begum, a sister of King Zahir Shah — so that the king was at once his cousin and his brother-in-law — and had eight children. {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "Sources", "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/mohammed-daoud-khan", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-27" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "خلاصہ", "markdown": "محمد داؤد خان (18 جولائی 1909ء – 28 اپریل 1978ء) افغان فوجی افسر اور مصاحبان شاہی خاندان کے سیاست دان تھے۔ اپنے چچا زاد بادشاہ ظاہر شاہ کے دور میں وزیرِ اعظم (1953ء–1963ء) رہے، 1973ء کی بغاوت میں بادشاہت ختم کر کے جمہوریہ افغانستان کے پہلے صدر بنے، حتیٰ کہ 28 اپریل 1978ء کے ثور انقلاب میں بیشتر خاندان سمیت قتل کر دیے گئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور حکومتیں", "markdown": "وہ کابل میں سفارت کار شہزادہ محمد عزیز خان کے سب سے بڑے بیٹے پیدا ہوئے؛ والد 1933ء میں برلن میں قتل ہوئے تو وہ چچا محمد ہاشم خان کی سرپرستی میں آئے۔ فرانس میں تعلیم کے بعد صوبائی گورنر، مرکزی افواج کے کمانڈر اور وزیرِ دفاع و داخلہ رہے۔ وزیرِ اعظم کی حیثیت سے ان کا دور سوویت یونین کی جانب جھکاؤ، وادیِ ہلمند منصوبے اور خواتین کی آزادی کی محتاط کوششوں کے لیے مشہور ہے؛ پشتونستان کے دعوے پر پاکستان سے کشیدگی رہی، اور بادشاہ کو یک جماعتی نظام پر قائل نہ کر سکے تو 1963ء میں مستعفی ہونا پڑا۔ بحیثیت صدر انھوں نے اشتراکی جھکاؤ والی اصلاحات اور قوم پرستی کو ملایا، کمیونسٹوں کو حکومت سے نکالا اور سوویت انحصار سے دور ہونے کی کوشش کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "وفات", "markdown": "28 اپریل 1978ء کو ثور انقلاب میں قتل ہوئے؛ تیس سال بعد ان کی لاش ایک چھوٹے سنہرے قرآن سے پہچانی گئی جو سعودی بادشاہ خالد کا تحفہ تھا اور وہ ہمیشہ ساتھ رکھتے تھے۔ 2009ء میں سرکاری جنازہ ہوا اور ان کا مدفن کابل میں تاج بیک پہاڑی کے قریب ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en}" }, { "heading": "مذہبی ریکارڈ", "markdown": "اس ریکارڈ کے لیے پڑھا گیا کوئی ماخذ ان کے مذہب کا نام اپنے متن میں نہیں لیتا۔ ان کا ایمان «نامعلوم» درج ہے: «سنی» صرف ایک بناوٹی خاندان میں آتا ہے — عربی مضمون کا خانہ معلومات اور ویکی ڈیٹا کی قدر — اور انگریزی متن کی اسلام کی طرف اشارے ریاستی پالیسی اور اس قرآن کا ذکر ہیں جو وہ ساتھ رکھتے تھے، مذہب کی شہادت نہیں۔ شہادتیں ڈیٹا فائل میں محفوظ ہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-ar} {cite:wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan}" }, { "heading": "ماخذ", "markdown": "- اوپر جن متعین ماخذوں کا حوالہ دیا گیا ہے، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر نظرثانی مؤرخہ ہوگی اور ہر تبدیلی کا ماخذ نامزد کرے گی۔" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/mohammed-daoud-khan", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-27" } }, "degree": 6, "contemporaries": [ "person/abdul-hai-arifi", "person/abdul-majid-sindhi", "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi", "person/abul-ala-maududi", "person/aden-adde", "person/al-akwa-muhammad-ibn-ali", "person/amadou-hampate-ba", "person/amin-ahsan-islahi", "person/aruna-asaf-ali", "person/bawa-muhaiyaddeen", "person/chaudhry-muhammad-ali", "person/ferhat-abbas" ], "updated": "2026-10-27", "connections": [ { "to": "place/kabul", "type": "born_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] }, { "to": "place/kabul", "type": "died_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en", "source/wikidata-mohammed-daoud-khan" ] }, { "to": "place/kabul", "type": "buried_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-daoud-khan-en" ] } ], "related": [ "event/kabul-islam-mamun", "event/kabul-revolt-yazid-death", "event/kabul-shah-submission", "event/march-on-kabul", "person/abdullah-abdullah", "person/ahmad-shah-massoud", "person/ashraf-ghani", "person/burhanuddin-rabbani" ], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }