{
 "id": "person/moussa-traore",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "moussa-traore",
 "label": {
  "ar": "موسى تراوري",
  "en": "Moussa Traoré",
  "ur": "موسی تراورے"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ضابط وسياسي مالي (1936–2020) من كايس، قاد انقلاب 1968 الذي أطاح بموديبو كيتا وحكم مالي رئيسا (1968–1991) حتى أطاحت به احتجاجات وانقلاب سنة 1991، فحُوكم وحُكم عليه بالإعدام مرتين ثم خُفف الحكم وعفا عنه الرئيس كوناري سنة 2002 قبل مغادرته، ومات في باماكو في 15 سبتمبر 2020.",
  "en": "Malian officer and politician (1936–2020) from Kayes who led the 1968 coup that overthrew Modibo Keïta and ruled Mali as president (1968–1991) until protests and a coup removed him in 1991; he was tried and twice sentenced to death, the sentences were commuted, and President Konaré pardoned him in 2002 shortly before leaving office. He died in Bamako on 15 September 2020.",
  "ur": "مالی افسر و سیاست دان (1936ء–2020ء)، کایس سے؛ 1968ء کی بغاوت کی قیادت کی جس نے مودیبو کیتا کو ہٹایا اور مالی کے صدر (1968ء–1991ء) رہے حتیٰ کہ 1991ء میں احتجاج اور بغاوت نے انھیں ہٹا دیا؛ مقدمہ چلا، دو بار سزائے موت ہوئی پھر تخفیف ہوئی اور 2002ء میں صدر کونارے نے معافی دی؛ 15 ستمبر 2020ء کو باماکو میں انتقال ہوا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "west-africa-sahel"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1936.7316919580826,
  "latest": 2020.7087756764024
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1936-09-25",
   "hijri": "1355",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his birth on 25 September 1936 in Kayes, then French Sudan; the Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
    "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "2020-09-15",
   "hijri": "1442",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his death in Bamako on 15 September 2020; the Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
    "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Moussa Traoré",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "موسى تراوري",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "موسی تراورے",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "general",
   "politician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1936-09-25",
   "hijri": "1355",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his birth on 25 September 1936 in Kayes, then French Sudan; the Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
    "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "2020-09-15",
   "hijri": "1442",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his death in Bamako on 15 September 2020; the Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
    "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Neither the English nor the Arabic article's text says anything about his religion at all — thinner than the Khan configuration. What exists is filings and structure: the English article files him under Malian Muslims, the Urdu article files him under Malian Muslims, and Wikidata carries two religion values, Islam and Sunni Islam, on the single item. Two values on one structured item are one source family, and filings never count, so the Sunni reading is structured-only and stands one full family short of sunni/documented (the josh-malihabadi configuration, wave 73 §B); the value stays unknown with the reading preserved here.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
     "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-ur",
     "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q313242"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en",
   "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-ur",
   "source/wikidata-moussa-traore"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Moussa Traoré' (revision 1356533056 of 28 May 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'موسى تراوري' (revision 76480110 of 8 September 2026), Urdu Wikipedia 'موسی تراورے' (revision 4784691 of 12 October 2021) and Wikidata item Q313242 (item revision 2558175986 of 18 October 2026), read via the MediaWiki API on 26 October 2026; every article was fetched by its recorded revision id and the returned id asserted equal before any claim was drawn, and the Wikidata item revision was read from the API itself (its date is internally coherent). Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (traore — the hit is the footballer Adama Traoré, a different man; Wikidata's same-name items are footballers), by Arabic label, by biography and by the QID route across data/person/ — no earlier record exists, and his Arabic label matches no existing record's label. No place entity exists for Kayes or Bamako, so no born_in or died_in edge is written; his successor_of edge to Modibo Keïta (head of state, 1968) is written in his own record — the English article's infobox names Keïta as his predecessor.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-75"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "انقلاب 1968",
     "markdown": "وُلد تراوري في كايس، في السودان الفرنسي آنذاك، وخدم في الجيش المالي منذ 1960. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore} وكان ملازما حين قاد الإطاحة العسكرية بالرئيس موديبو كيتا في انقلاب 19 نوفمبر 1968، وصار بعدها رئيس الدولة. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم",
     "markdown": "حكم تراوري مالي أكثر من عقدين، أولا عبر الجيش ثم عبر حزبه، وخاضت قواته حرب شريط أغاشر وواجهت تمرد الطوارق الذي بدأ سنة 1990. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} وفي مارس 1991 أطاحت به احتجاجات شعبية وانقلاب آخر بقيادة أمادو توماني توري. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المحاكمات والعفو والوفاة",
     "markdown": "حُوكم تراوري وحُكم عليه بالإعدام عن قتل المتظاهرين — قُدّر عدد القتلى بثلاثمائة — وفي سنة 1999 حُكم عليه بالإعدام مرة أخرى مع زوجته مريم عن جرائم اقتصادية، اختلاس أموال الدولة، ثم خُفف حكمه إلى السجن المؤبد. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} وقبل مغادرته المنصب بقليل، في 29 مايو 2002، عفا عنه الرئيس ألفا عمر كوناري وعن زوجته، حرصا على المصالحة الوطنية. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} ومات تراوري في باماكو في 15 سبتمبر 2020. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة على السجل",
     "markdown": "لا تقول المقالة الإنجليزية ولا العربية أي شيء في نصيهما عن دين تراوري؛ وتصنّفه المقالتان ضمن مسلمي مالي، وتحمل ويكيداتا قيمتي «الإسلام» و«الإسلام السني» في عنصره الواحد. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-ar} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore} والتصنيفات والعنصر البنيوي الواحد لا يثبتان مذهبا، لذلك يسجّل المتحف دينه «غير معروف» ويحفظ قراءة السنة في ملف البيانات."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المُستشهد بها أعلاه، مسجّلة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/moussa-traore",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "The 1968 coup",
     "markdown": "Traoré was born in Kayes, then in French Sudan, and served in the Malian Army from 1960. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore} As a lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Keïta in the coup d'état of 19 November 1968, and thereafter served as head of state. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rule",
     "markdown": "Traoré ruled Mali for over two decades, first through the military and later through his UDPM party, and his forces fought the Agacher Strip War and faced the Tuareg rebellion that began in 1990. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} In March 1991 he was overthrown by popular protests and a further coup, led by Amadou Toumani Touré. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Trials, pardon and death",
     "markdown": "Traoré was tried and sentenced to death for the killing of protesters — an estimated 300 died — and in 1999 he was once more condemned to death with his wife Mariam for economic crimes, the embezzlement of state funds; his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} Shortly before leaving office, on 29 May 2002, President Alpha Oumar Konaré pardoned the couple for the sake of national reconciliation. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} Traoré died in Bamako on 15 September 2020. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "A note on the record",
     "markdown": "Neither the English nor the Arabic article's text says anything about Traoré's religion; the articles file him under Malian Muslims, and Wikidata carries the values Islam and Sunni Islam on his single item. {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-ar} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore} Filings and a single structured item do not attest a school, so the museum records his faith as unknown and preserves the Sunni reading in the data file."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/moussa-traore",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "بغاوت و حکومت",
     "markdown": "تراورے کایس میں پیدا ہوئے اور 1960ء سے مالی فوج میں رہے؛ لیفٹیننٹ کی حیثیت سے انھوں نے 19 نومبر 1968ء کی بغاوت کی قیادت کی اور سربراہِ مملکت بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} انھوں نے دو دہائیوں سے زائد حکومت کی، حتیٰ کہ مارچ 1991ء میں احتجاج اور ایک اور بغاوت نے انھیں ہٹا دیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مقدمات، معافی و وفات",
     "markdown": "ان پر مقدمہ چلا؛ مظاہرین کے قتل پر سزائے موت ہوئی اور 1999ء میں اقتصادی جرائم پر دوبارہ سزائے موت ہوئی، پھر عمر قید میں تخفیف ہوئی، اور 29 مئی 2002ء کو صدر الفا عمر کونارے نے عہدہ چھوڑنے سے کچھ پہلے انھیں اور ان کی اہلیہ کو قومی مفاہمت کی خاطر معاف کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} 15 ستمبر 2020ء کو باماکو میں ان کا انتقال ہوا۔ {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ریکارڈ پر نوٹ",
     "markdown": "انگریزی و عربی مضامین کے متن ان کے مذہب پر کچھ نہیں کہتے؛ مضامین انھیں «مالی مسلمان» کے زمروں میں رکھتے ہیں، اور وکی ڈیٹا ان کے واحد اندراج پر «اسلام» اور «اہلِ سنت اسلام» دونوں اقدار رکھتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-en} {cite:wikipedia-moussa-traore-ar} {cite:wikidata-moussa-traore} زمرہ بندی اور واحد ساختی اندراج کسی مکتب کی گواہی نہیں، اس لیے ریکارڈ میں مذہب «نامعلوم» ہے اور اہلِ سنت قراءت ڈیٹا فائل میں محفوظ ہے۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر حوالہ شدہ معرف ماخذ اکائیاں، `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/moussa-traore",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-qadeer-khan",
  "person/ahmed-lemu",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/ali-yafie",
  "person/colette-khoury",
  "person/dahiru-bauchi",
  "person/lamine-diack",
  "person/mir-hazar-khan-khoso",
  "person/mufti-abdul-razzaq",
  "person/muhammad-abu-khubzah",
  "person/nabil-elaraby",
  "person/nawal-el-saadawi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/modibo-keita",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-moussa-traore-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/modibo-keita"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}