{
 "id": "person/muadh-ibn-jabal",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muadh-ibn-jabal",
 "label": {
  "en": "Mu'adh ibn Jabal",
  "ar": "معاذ بن جبل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A young Ansari convert of the pledges of Aqaba, remembered as the most learned of the community in what is lawful and forbidden; the Prophet sent him to Yemen as its teacher and judge.",
  "ar": "أنصاري شاب من مؤمني بيعة العقبة، يذكره التراث أعلم الأمة بالحلال والحرام؛ بعثه النبي إلى اليمن معلمًا وقاضيًا."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "dawa-and-christian-mission",
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions",
  "islam-and-judaism"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 602.998624201729,
  "latest": 639.99869949414
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0603~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0639",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died in the plague of Amwas (Emmaus) in Palestine, 18 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "معاذ بن جبل بن عمرو الخزرجي"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0603~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0639",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died in the plague of Amwas (Emmaus) in Palestine, 18 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion",
   "scholar"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0621"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Embraced Islam at the second pledge of Aqaba, aged about eighteen.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0621"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "missionary",
    "toward": "place/yemen",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0631"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0632"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Sent to Yemen to teach Islam, collect the alms and judge disputes.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "scholar",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0630~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Counted among the foremost in legal knowledge in the tradition.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "معاذ بن جبل فتى مدنيّ بايع النبي في العقبة — وصار الرجل الذي يعدّه التراث أعلم الأمة بالحلال والحرام."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "فتى من [[group/khazraj|الخزرج]]، أسلم في [[event/pledges-of-aqaba|بيعة العقبة الثانية]] سنة 621م وله نحو ثمانية عشر عامًا {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. شهد [[event/battle-of-badr|بدرًا]] وما بعدها من أعوام المدينة.\n\nوقبل النهاية بعثه النبي إلى اليمن — يعلّم الإسلام ويجبي الصدقات ويقضي بين الناس {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. وتحفظ الرواية وداعهما: سأله بمَ تقضي؟ قال «بكتاب الله؛ فإن لم أجد فبسنّة رسوله؛ فإن لم أجد اجتهدت رأيي» — صيغة ما زالت مدارس الفقه ترويها {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nرُدّ إلى المدينة ثم خرج مع الجيوش إلى الشام فمات فيها سنة 639م في طاعون عمواس {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "جوابه للنبي — كتاب فسنّة فاجتهاد — صار الهيكل المفتاحي للفقه الإسلامي: جدّ باب «مصادر الأحكام» في كل متن."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "بعث النبي معاذًا يعلّم بلدًا كاملًا وهو شاب — وجوابه عن كيفية القضاء صار قاعدة يدرسها المسلمون إلى اليوم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muadh-ibn-jabal",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Mu'adh ibn Jabal was a teenager of Medina when he pledged to the Prophet at Aqaba — and grew into the man the tradition calls the most learned of the community in what is lawful and forbidden."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "A youth of the [[group/khazraj|Khazraj]] tribe, Mu'adh embraced Islam at the second [[event/pledges-of-aqaba|pledge of Aqaba]] in 621, aged about eighteen {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. He fought at [[event/battle-of-badr|Badr]] and through the Medinan years.\n\nNear the end the Prophet sent him to Yemen — to teach Islam, collect the alms and judge disputes {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. The tradition preserves their parting dialogue: asked how he would judge, Mu'adh answered \"by the Book of God; failing that, by the Prophet's example; failing that, by my own reasoning\" — a formula the law schools still quote {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nRecalled to Medina, he went on to Syria with the armies and died there in 639 CE in the plague of Amwas {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "His answer to the Prophet — book, example, reason — became the skeleton key of Islamic jurisprudence: the ancestor of every textbook's chapter on sources of law."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet sent Mu'adh to teach a whole country when he was still young — and his answer about how to judge became a rule Muslims still study."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muadh-ibn-jabal",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 14,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/heraclius"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/amwas",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/khazraj",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ansar",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/pledges-of-aqaba",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/yemen",
   "type": "traveled_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/hijra",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/nusayba-bint-kab",
  "event/pledges-of-aqaba",
  "group/ansar",
  "place/medina",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "person/zayd-ibn-thabit"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}