{
 "id": "person/muhammad-abduh",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muhammad-abduh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الشيخ محمد عبده",
  "en": "Muhammad Abduh"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أحد رواد الإصلاح الإسلامي في مصر في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل القرن العشرين. يصفه شكيب أرسلان في تعليقه على حاضر العالم الإسلامي بأستاذه، ويذكر أنه تعرّف إليه في بيروت عام 1886 أثناء نفيه بعد الثورة العرابية، وأنه رأى في فهمه للعقيدة الإسلامية السبيل إلى نهضة الإسلام. ويذكر أن تلميذه ومعاصره رشيد رضا كتب تاريخه في مجلدين.",
  "en": "Egyptian reformer of the late 19th and early 20th century. Arslan, who studied under him in Beirut during Abduh's exile after the 'Urabi revolt (1886), calls him the teacher of the age and says that his reading of Islamic belief was the one that could revive the faith; Arslan also notes that Rashid Rida wrote his biography in two volumes {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923 vol. 1, scan pp. 300–302}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/modern-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "محمد عبده"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "sources": [
   "source/stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR (text layer) -> manual reading of scan pages 300-302 -> summary in own words"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الشيخ محمد عبده من رواد الإصلاح الإسلامي في مصر في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}\n\nيصفه شكيب أرسلان في تعليقه على حاضر العالم الإسلامي بأستاذه. ويذكر أنه تعرّف إليه في بيروت عام 1886 أثناء نفيه بعد الثورة العرابية، وأنه رأى في فهمه للعقيدة الإسلامية السبيل إلى نهضة الإسلام. ويذكر أن تلميذه رشيد رضا كتب تاريخه في مجلدين. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}\n\nمصدر هذه الصفحة شاهد واحد معجب بالشيخ، ولذلك فإن تواريخ النفي والوفاة تحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-abduh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Shaykh Muhammad Abduh, one of the pioneers of Islamic reform in Egypt at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His portrait",
     "markdown": "Shakib Arslan, in his commentary on *Hadir al-Alam al-Islami*, describes him as his teacher. He says that he got to know him in Beirut in 1886 during his exile after the Urabi revolt, and that he saw in his understanding of Islamic doctrine the path to the renaissance of Islam. He says that his pupil Rashid Rida wrote his biography in two volumes. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}\n\nThe source of this page is a single witness who admired the shaykh, and for that reason the dates of his exile and death need an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-abduh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}