{
 "id": "person/muhammad-ii-of-granada",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muhammad-ii-of-granada",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمد الثاني الفقيه",
  "en": "Muhammad II al-Faqih",
  "ur": "محمد دوم الفقیہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "محمد الثاني الفقيه ⁦(633 هـ / 1235 أو 1236 – 8 أبريل 1302)⁩، ثاني أمراء بني نصر في غرناطة، ابن مؤسس الدولة محمد الأول وخليفته. ثبتت في عهده حدود الإمارة النصرية وسط ضغط قشتالة والمغرب المريني، فعقد التحالفات ونازل الطرفين بالتناوب، وبنى ورعى العلماء حتى لُقّب بالفقيه لورعه وتدينه واشتغاله بالفقه. توفي سنة 701 هـ، وقيل إن ابنه محمد الثالث سمّه، وهي تهمة لم تثبت.",
  "en": "Muhammad II al-Faqih (633 AH / 1235 or 1236 - 8 April 1302) was the second Nasrid emir of Granada, son and successor of the dynasty's founder Muhammad I. His reign fixed the frontiers of the Nasrid emirate under pressure from Castile and Marinid Morocco, alternating war and alliance with both; he was a builder and a patron of scholars, and his epithet al-Faqih ('the jurist') is explained by his piety and religiosity and by his reputation as a canon lawyer. He died in 701 AH; the report that his son Muhammad III poisoned him is an allegation the texts do not confirm.",
  "ur": "محمد دوم الفقیہ ⁦(633ھ / 1235ء یا 1236ء – 8 اپریل 1302ء)⁩ غرناطہ کے دوسرے نصری امیر تھے، بانیٔ دولت محمد اول کے بیٹے اور جانشین۔ ان کے عہد میں قشتالہ اور مرینی مراکش کے دباؤ کے درمیان امارت کی سرحدیں مستحکم ہوئیں؛ وہ علما کے سرپرست تھے اور ورع و تدین کی وجہ سے «الفقیہ» کہلائے۔ وفات 701ھ میں ہوئی؛ یہ الزام کہ ان کے بیٹے محمد سوم نے انھیں زہر دیا، ثابت نہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1235.000650252914,
  "latest": 1302.268287507583
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1235",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Both articles date his birth to 633 AH, which fell across 1235 and 1236: the English article's lead gives c. 1235, the Arabic article gives 1236. The Gregorian year is itself ambiguous, so 1235 is kept from the English lead at year precision with status debated, and no Hijri year is built because the quoted 633 AH does not convert to a single Gregorian year. The Arabic article places his birth in the Granada region.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1302-04-08",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "0701",
   "note": "The English article gives his death on 8 April 1302 and equates the day with 8 Shaban 701 AH; the Arabic article's reign dates, 671-701 AH, end in the same Hijri year. Neither text read states a place of death, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar",
    "source/wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "al-Faqih",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Muhammad II of Granada",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "emir"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1235",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Both articles date his birth to 633 AH, which fell across 1235 and 1236: the English article's lead gives c. 1235, the Arabic article gives 1236. The Gregorian year is itself ambiguous, so 1235 is kept from the English lead at year precision with status debated, and no Hijri year is built because the quoted 633 AH does not convert to a single Gregorian year. The Arabic article places his birth in the Granada region.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1302-04-08",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "0701",
   "note": "The English article gives his death on 8 April 1302 and equates the day with 8 Shaban 701 AH; the Arabic article's reign dates, 671-701 AH, end in the same Hijri year. Neither text read states a place of death, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar",
    "source/wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No text read names a legal school for the emir himself. His epithet al-Faqih is explained by the Arabic article by his piety and religiosity, and by the English article by his reputation as a canon lawyer, his education and his association with religious faith, justice and legal norms — reputation and character, not a school attested for the man. That Nasrid Granada was Maliki in its courts and mosques is dynastic and regional context, which under the founder's rules never counts. His faith is therefore recorded as unknown, with the documented context stated here in full.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
     "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q972278"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
   "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar",
   "source/wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Muhammad II of Granada' (revision 1358597269 of 9 June 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني' (revision 70639086 of 9 May 2025) and Wikidata Q972278 (item revision 2553830586 of 6 October 2026, re-asserted identical on a second live query), all fetched live in-session on 2 November 2026, the QID grounded from the article's own page property. No Urdu Wikipedia article exists for him. Existence checked against origin/main before building, by name fragments and by QID: no record exists for him. The child_of and successor_of edges to person/muhammad-i-ibn-al-ahmar (Q510879, the Nasrid founder) are written HERE, in the son and successor's record, per the founder's one-write rule; that record exists on origin/main. No edge for Muhammad III's succession: he has no record on origin/main, and his successor_of edge would in any case be written in his own record. Queue check: the queue's 1235-1302 is confirmed, with the birth year ambiguous between 1235 and 1236 as preserved in the born note.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-181n2"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "محمد الثاني الفقيه ⁦(نحو 1235 – 8 أبريل 1302)⁩ هو ثاني أمراء بني نصر في غرناطة، ابن مؤسس الدولة محمد الأول وخليفته. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} وفي عهده، من 1273 إلى 1302، ثبتت حدود الإمارة النصرية تحت ضغط قشتالة والمغرب المريني، فنازل الطرفين وعقد التحالفات معهما بالتناوب. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "لقب الفقيه",
     "markdown": "تقول المقالة العربية إنه لُقّب بالفقيه لورعه وتدينه، وتعلل المقالة الإنجليزية اللقب بشهرته عالمًا بالقانون الشرعي وبتعليمه وبارتباطه بالإيمان والعدل والأحكام الشرعية. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} ولا يسمّي أي من النصين مذهبًا فقهيًا للأمير نفسه، ومالكية قضاء غرناطة النصرية سياق دولته لا شهادة على الرجل؛ لذلك سُجّل دينه غير معروف مع إثبات ذلك السياق كاملًا. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ولادته ووفاته",
     "markdown": "تؤرخ المقالتان ولادته بسنة 633 هـ، وهي سنة تقع بين 1235 و1236: تعطي المقالة الإنجليزية نحو 1235 وتعطي العربية 1236، وتجعل العربية ولادته في منطقة غرناطة. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} وتوفي في 8 أبريل 1302، وهو ما تعادله المقالة الإنجليزية بـ8 شعبان 701 هـ؛ أما خبر أن ابنه وخليفته محمد الثالث سمّه فيبقى تهمة لا تثبتها النصوص. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-ii-of-granada",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-06"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Muhammad II al-Faqih (c. 1235 - 8 April 1302) was the second Nasrid emir of Granada, the son and successor of the dynasty's founder, Muhammad I. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} His reign, from 1273 to 1302, fixed the frontiers of the Nasrid emirate under pressure from Castile and from Marinid Morocco, between which he alternated war and alliance. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The epithet al-Faqih",
     "markdown": "The Arabic article says he was surnamed al-Faqih, 'the jurist', for his piety and religiosity, while the English article explains the epithet by his reputation as a canon lawyer, by his education, and by his association with religious faith, justice and legal norms. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} Neither text names a legal school for the emir himself, and the Maliki character of Nasrid Granada's courts is the context of his state, not an attestation for the man; his faith is therefore recorded as unknown, with that context stated in full. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Birth and death",
     "markdown": "Both articles date his birth to 633 AH, which fell across 1235 and 1236: the English lead gives c. 1235, the Arabic article 1236, and the Arabic article places his birth in the Granada region. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} He died on 8 April 1302, which the English article equates with 8 Shaban 701 AH; the report that his son and successor Muhammad III poisoned him is recorded as an allegation the texts do not confirm. {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-ii-of-granada",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-02"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمد دوم الفقیہ (تقریباً 1235ء – 8 اپریل 1302ء) غرناطہ کے دوسرے نصری امیر تھے، بانیٔ دولت محمد اول کے بیٹے اور جانشین۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} ان کے عہد (1273ء تا 1302ء) میں قشتالہ اور مرینی مراکش کے دباؤ کے درمیان امارت کی سرحدیں مستحکم ہوئیں اور وہ باری باری دونوں سے جنگ و صلح کرتے رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "«الفقیہ» کا لقب",
     "markdown": "عربی مضمون کہتا ہے کہ وہ ورع و تدین کی وجہ سے «الفقیہ» کہلائے، جب کہ انگریزی مضمون اس لقب کی وجہ ان کی شرعی قانون کے عالم کی شہرت، ان کی تعلیم اور ایمان و عدل سے وابستگی بتاتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} کوئی متن ان کے لیے خود کوئی فقہی مذہب نہیں بتاتا، اور نصری غرناطہ کے قضا کا مالکی ہونا ان کی ریاست کا پس منظر ہے، ان کی اپنی نسبت نہیں؛ اس لیے ان کا مذہب نامعلوم درج کیا گیا ہے اور یہ پس منظر پوری طرح بیان کر دیا گیا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ولادت و وفات",
     "markdown": "دونوں مضامین ان کی ولادت 633ھ بتاتے ہیں، جو 1235ء اور 1236ء دونوں میں پڑتی ہے: انگریزی مضمون تقریباً 1235ء اور عربی مضمون 1236ء دیتا ہے، اور عربی مضمون ان کی جائے پیدائش غرناطہ کا علاقہ بتاتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar} وفات 8 اپریل 1302ء کو ہوئی، جسے انگریزی مضمون 8 شعبان 701ھ کے برابر قرار دیتا ہے؛ یہ الزام کہ ان کے بیٹے و جانشین محمد سوم نے انھیں زہر دیا، ثابت نہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-ii-of-granada",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-02"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-munim-ibn-al-faras",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-asfandyar-al-baghdadi",
  "person/al-dimyati",
  "person/al-fazari-qadi",
  "person/al-qurashi-jamal-al-din-muhammad-ibn-umar",
  "person/ibn-daqiq-al-id",
  "person/ibn-idris-al-hilli",
  "person/ibn-manzur",
  "person/sitt-al-wuzara-al-tanukhiyya",
  "person/sultan-walad",
  "person/abu-numayy-sharif-mecca",
  "person/al-abraqawhi-ahmad"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-09",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-i-ibn-al-ahmar",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-i-ibn-al-ahmar",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/granada",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/granada",
   "type": "ruler_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-muhammad-ii-of-granada-ar",
    "source/wikidata-muhammad-ii-of-granada"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/alhambra-construction-636",
  "event/nasrid-entry-granada-635",
  "person/muhammad-i-ibn-al-ahmar",
  "place/granada",
  "building/alhambra",
  "event/alpujarras-conversion-revolt-904",
  "event/fall-of-granada-897",
  "event/granada-battle-663"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}