{
 "id": "person/muhammad",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muhammad",
 "label": {
  "en": "Muhammad",
  "ar": "محمد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina.",
  "ar": "نبي الإسلام (نحو 570–632م)، الذي يؤمن المسلمون بنزول القرآن عليه، ومؤسس أول مجتمع إسلامي في المدينة المنورة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "prophets"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 570.0013689535035,
  "latest": 632.4366003408377
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0570~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditionally the 'Year of the Elephant'; the exact year is not certain."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0632-06-08",
   "hijri": "0011-03-12",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditional date; a tabular conversion of 12 Rabi' I 11 AH gives 7 June."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم"
   },
   {
    "kind": "kunya",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Abu al-Qasim"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0570~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditionally the 'Year of the Elephant'; the exact year is not certain."
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0632-06-08",
   "hijri": "0011-03-12",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditional date; a tabular conversion of 12 Rabi' I 11 AH gives 7 June."
  },
  "roles": [
   "prophet",
   "statesman"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni",
   "shia-twelver"
  ],
  "sensitivity": "figurative-prophet",
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "prophet-figure",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0610~",
     "calendar": "julian",
     "precision": "year"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q9458"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5 (scaffold)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 208,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/khosrow-ii",
  "person/heraclius",
  "person/hind-bint-utba"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0613~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
   "type": "opposed_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0623"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0631"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0614~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-hurayra",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0629~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
   "type": "opposed_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-talib",
   "type": "protected_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0578~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0619~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/aisha",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0623~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-nadr-ibn-al-harith",
   "type": "persecuted_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0613~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "note": "Among those who harassed and mocked the Prophet in the Meccan years.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0629"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0612~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fatima",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hafsa",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "note": "Widowed after Badr; married the Prophet about 4 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/heraclius",
   "type": "corresponded_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The tradition preserves the Prophet's letter summoning him to Islam.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0595~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0619-04~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0629"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khosrow-ii",
   "type": "corresponded_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The tradition reports the Prophet's letter to Kisra and the shah's contemptuous reply.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/tabari-bosworth-1999"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/malik-ibn-awf",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "protagonist"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0613~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musaylima",
   "type": "corresponded_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630~"
   },
   "note": "The sources preserve his letter proposing a partition of prophecy and Muhammad's reply.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tabari-donner-1993",
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mutim-ibn-adi",
   "type": "protected_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0619"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0619"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/negus-of-aksum",
   "type": "corresponded_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The tradition preserves letters exchanged between the Prophet and the Negus.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/salman-al-farisi",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0616~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-salama",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0626~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uqba-ibn-abi-muayt",
   "type": "persecuted_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0613~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zayd-ibn-thabit",
   "type": "teacher_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "Scribe of the revelation; headed the committees that collected the Qur'an under Abu Bakr and standardized it under Uthman.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "protected_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0617~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0619~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/khuzaa",
   "type": "allied_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "note": "دخلت في عقده وعهده عند صلح الحديبية.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-quhafa-conversion",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "accepted-conversion",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-sufyan-conversion",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "accepted-conversion",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "silent-refusal",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "يجتمع بهم ويرشدهم متخفياً"
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-council",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "عقد المجلس واستشار الجيش",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-prisoners",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "قسّم الأسرى واستشار فيهم وقضى فيهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-qulayb",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "وقف على القليب ونادى القتلى",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/mishkat-al-masabih"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/bahira-encounter",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "الفتى صاحب الخاتم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "القائد الأعلى للجيش الإسلامي",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-hunayn",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-khaybar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-the-trench",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-uhud",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/boycott-of-banu-hashim",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/burial-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/change-of-qibla",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/constitution-of-medina",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/dawat-al-ashira",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/death-of-amina",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "صحبها الرحلة وهو في السادسة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/death-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-to-tabuk",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/farewell-pilgrimage",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/fasting-of-ramadan-prescribed",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/fath-mecca-cleansing-kaaba",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "cleansed-sanctuary",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/fath-mecca-proscribed-persons",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "issued-order-and-pardons",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/fath-mecca-sermon",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "speaker-and-amnesty-giver",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/fatrat-al-wahy",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-jumma",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "إمام الجمعة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أمرهم بالهجرة فراراً بدينهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-revelation",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/ghadir-khumm",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/ghar-thawr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/harb-al-fijar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "حضرها ينبل على عمومته",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hatib-letter-to-quraysh",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "informed-by-revelation",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra-departure",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "خرج من بين المطوِّقين إلى دار أبي بكر",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hilf-al-fudul",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "شهد الحلف",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/islam-of-hamza",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/islam-of-umar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/isra-and-miraj",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/journey-to-taif",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/khirash-incident",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "judge-and-blood-money-payer",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/khuzaa-appeal-to-medina",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "appealed-to",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/marriage-of-fatima-and-ali",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/marriage-to-khadija",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/pledges-of-aqaba",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/plot-of-dar-al-nadwa",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/prophets-mosque-built",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/quba-sojourn",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أسس مسجد قباء وصلى فيه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/rebuilding-of-the-kaaba",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "حَكَم في وضع الحجر الأسود؛ نقل الحجارة مع العباس",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/safa-proclamation",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/sajdat-al-najm",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/second-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/shaqq-al-sadr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "كان يلعب مع الغلمان",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-muslim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/siege-of-taif",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/umrah-of-qada",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/utba-offer",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/year-of-delegations",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/year-of-sorrow",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "journey/hijra-route",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "المهاجر",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "screen/al-risala-1976",
   "type": "subject_of",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "place/medina",
  "event/hijra",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "group/early-muslims",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}