{
 "id": "person/muhammadu-buhari",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muhammadu-buhari",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمد بخاري",
  "en": "Muhammadu Buhari",
  "ur": "محمدو بوحاری"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ضابط وسياسي نيجيري (1942–2025) من دورا بولاية كاتسينا، حكم نيجيريا عسكريا من 31 ديسمبر 1983 حتى أطاح به إبراهيم بابانغيدا في 27 أغسطس 1985 واعتُقل ثلاث سنوات، ثم ترشح للرئاسة ثلاث مرات خاسرا قبل أن يفوز سنة 2015 — أول مرشح معارض يهزم رئيسا في منصبه — ويُعاد انتخابه سنة 2019، فيحكم حتى 2023. مات في عيادة بلندن في 13 يوليو 2025 ودُفن في بيته بدورا.",
  "en": "Nigerian officer and politician (1942–2025) from Daura in Katsina State who ruled Nigeria as military head of state from 31 December 1983 until Ibrahim Babangida overthrew him on 27 August 1985 and detained him for three years. He then ran three times for the presidency unsuccessfully before winning in 2015 — the first opposition candidate to defeat a sitting president — and again in 2019, governing until 2023. He died in a London clinic on 13 July 2025 and was buried at his home in Daura.",
  "ur": "نائجریائی افسر و سیاست دان (1942ء–2025ء)، ریاست کاتسینا کے دورا سے تعلق؛ 31 دسمبر 1983 سے فوجی سربراہِ مملکت رہے حتیٰ کہ 27 اگست 1985 کو ابراہیم بابانگیدا نے انھیں ہٹا کر تین سال نظر بند رکھا؛ پھر تین بار صدارت کے لیے ناکام رہے، 2015 میں کامیاب ہوئے — برسرِ منصب صدر کو ہرانے والے پہلے اپوزیشن امیدوار — اور 2019 میں دوبارہ منتخب ہو کر 2023 تک حکمران رہے؛ 13 جولائی 2025 کو لندن کے ایک کلینک میں وفات پائی اور دورا میں اپنے گھر دفن ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "west-africa-sahel"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1942.9576924919745,
  "latest": 2025.5329678227163
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1942-12-17",
   "hijri": "1361",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his birth on 17 December 1942 in Daura; the Arabic article files him under births of 1361 AH, the Hijri year used here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
    "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "2025-07-13",
   "hijri": "1447",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his death in a clinic in London on 13 July 2025, after travelling there for medical treatment; the Arabic article files him under deaths of 1447 AH. The English article records that his remains were buried at his home in Daura. The queue for this wave still listed him as living; the death is fully attested and recorded here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
    "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Muhammadu Buhari",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "محمد بخاري",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "general",
   "politician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1942-12-17",
   "hijri": "1361",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his birth on 17 December 1942 in Daura; the Arabic article files him under births of 1361 AH, the Hijri year used here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
    "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "2025-07-13",
   "hijri": "1447",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata give his death in a clinic in London on 13 July 2025, after travelling there for medical treatment; the Arabic article files him under deaths of 1447 AH. The English article records that his remains were buried at his home in Daura. The queue for this wave still listed him as living; the death is fully attested and recorded here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
    "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "The Khan configuration, unflagged. The English article's text gives his own public stance — his quoted 2001 words of 'total commitment to the Sharia movement' and his support for the total implementation of sharia, which he defended against charges of a radical Islamist agenda — and notes he was named after the ninth-century scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari and profiles him via The Muslim 500: personal identification with Islam in text, but no school named. The Arabic article says only that he was born 'to a Muslim family' (family background, which never counts) and files him under 'Nigerian Muslims'; Wikidata gives a single structured value, Islam. No source used names a madhhab, so under the two-source rule the value stays unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
     "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar",
     "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q361567"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en",
   "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ur",
   "source/wikidata-muhammadu-buhari"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Muhammadu Buhari' (revision 1378341854), Arabic Wikipedia 'محمد بخاري' (revision 75682247), Urdu Wikipedia 'محمد بخاری' (revision 9776523) and Wikidata item Q361567 (item revision 2558176347), read via the MediaWiki API on 26 October 2026; every article was fetched by its recorded revision id and the returned id asserted equal before any claim was drawn, and the Wikidata item revision was read from the API itself (its date is internally coherent). Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (buhari), by Arabic label, by biography and by the QID route across data/person/ — no earlier record exists, and the Arabic label matches no existing record's label. The queue listed him as '1942–Living'; the articles and Wikidata record his death in London on 13 July 2025, so the record carries the died block (the Dahiru Bauchi precedent of wave 69 §A). No place entity exists for Daura or London, so no born_in or died_in edge is written; his successor_of edge to Shehu Shagari (head of state, 1983) is written in his own record; for his second presidency he succeeded Goodluck Jonathan, who has no person record, so that edge is skipped.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-74"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والمسيرة العسكرية",
     "markdown": "وُلد بخاري في قرية دورا شمال نيجيريا في 17 ديسمبر 1942 لأسرة مسلمة كما تذكر المقالة العربية، وسُمّي باسم عالم الحديث محمد البخاري. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} التحق بالجيش وتدرّب ضابطا، وتولى مناصب عسكرية وإدارية منها مفوّض النفط الاتحادي (1976–1978) وحاكم ولاية بورنو لفترة وجيزة سنة 1976. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم العسكري والاعتقال",
     "markdown": "في 31 ديسمبر 1983 أطاح الجيش بحكومة الرئيس شيخو شاجاري فصار بخاري رئيس الدولة العسكري، واشتهر عهده بحملة «الحرب على عدم الانضباط». {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} وفي 27 أغسطس 1985 أطاح به إبراهيم بابانغيدا واعتُقل نحو ثلاث سنوات حتى أُطلق في ديسمبر 1988. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الترشحات والرئاسة المدنية",
     "markdown": "ترشح بخاري للرئاسة خاسرا سنوات 2003 و2007 و2011، ثم فاز بانتخابات 2015 على الرئيس في منصبه غودلاك جوناثان — أول مرشح معارض يهزم رئيسا قائما في نيجيريا — وأُعيد انتخابه سنة 2019، وسلّم السلطة لبولا تينوبو في 29 مايو 2023. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواقفه الدينية كما ترويها المصادر",
     "markdown": "تنقل المقالة الإنجليزية قوله سنة 2001 إنه ملتزم «التزاما كاملا بحركة الشريعة» وتأييده تطبيق الشريعة في ولايات الشمال، ونفيه اتهامه بأجندة إسلامية متطرفة، وتستشهد بملفه في مشروع «مسلم 500»؛ أما المقالة العربية فلا تنسب إليه شخصيا إلا مولده لأسرة مسلمة. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar} ولا تسمّي أي من المصادر المستعملة مذهبا له، فبقيت قيمة دينه في سجله غير مصنّفة (unknown)، وويكي بيانات يعطي قيمة واحدة هي «الإسلام». {cite:wikidata-muhammadu-buhari}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوفاة",
     "markdown": "سافر بخاري إلى لندن للعلاج في أسابيعه الأخيرة، ومات في عيادة هناك في 13 يوليو 2025 عن 82 عاما، ونُقل جثمانه إلى دورا حيث دُفن في بيته، وأعلنت نيجيريا حدادا وطنيا سبعة أيام. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammadu-buhari}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammadu-buhari",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Early life and military career",
     "markdown": "Buhari was born in the village of Daura in northern Nigeria on 17 December 1942, to a Muslim family as the Arabic article puts it, and was named after the hadith scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} He joined the army and trained as an officer, holding military and administrative posts including Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources (1976–1978) and briefly governor of Borno State in 1976. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Military rule and detention",
     "markdown": "On 31 December 1983 the army overthrew President Shehu Shagari's government and Buhari became military head of state; his rule is remembered for the \"War Against Indiscipline\". {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} On 27 August 1985 Ibrahim Babangida overthrew him in turn, and Buhari was detained for about three years, until his release in December 1988. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Candidacies and civilian presidency",
     "markdown": "Buhari ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in 2003, 2007 and 2011, then won the 2015 election against the sitting president Goodluck Jonathan — the first opposition candidate to defeat a sitting president in Nigeria — and was re-elected in 2019, handing over to Bola Tinubu on 29 May 2023. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His religious positions as the sources report them",
     "markdown": "The English article quotes his 2001 statement of \"total commitment to the Sharia movement\" and his support for the implementation of sharia in the northern states, alongside his denial of a radical Islamist agenda, and cites his profile in The Muslim 500; the Arabic article attributes to him personally only his birth to a Muslim family. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar} No source used names a school for him, so his faith value is left unclassified (unknown) in his record; Wikidata gives a single value, Islam. {cite:wikidata-muhammadu-buhari}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Buhari travelled to London for medical treatment in his final weeks and died in a clinic there on 13 July 2025, aged 82; his remains were taken to Daura and buried at his home, and Nigeria declared seven days of national mourning. {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammadu-buhari}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammadu-buhari",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "زندگی و اقتدار",
     "markdown": "عربی مقالے کے مطابق وہ ایک مسلم خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے اور محدث محمد البخاری کے نام پر ان کا نام رکھا گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-ar} {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} 31 دسمبر 1983 کو صدر شیہو شاگاری کی حکومت کے خاتمے پر فوجی سربراہ بنے؛ 27 اگست 1985 کو ابراہیم بابانگیدا نے انھیں ہٹا کر تقریباً تین سال نظر بند رکھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} 2003، 2007 اور 2011 میں ناکامی کے بعد 2015 میں برسرِ منصب صدر کو ہرانے والے پہلے اپوزیشن امیدوار بنے، 2019 میں دوبارہ منتخب ہوئے اور 2023 میں اقتدار سونپا۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}\n\nانگریزی مقالہ ان کا 2001 کا بیان نقل کرتا ہے کہ وہ شریعت کی تحریک سے مکمل وابستگی رکھتے ہیں؛ تاہم کوئی ماخذ ان کا مکتب بیان نہیں کرتا، اس لیے سجل میں دین غیر مصنف (unknown) ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en} {cite:wikidata-muhammadu-buhari} وہ علاج کے لیے لندن گئے اور 13 جولائی 2025 کو وہاں وفات پائی؛ دورا میں اپنے گھر دفن ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammadu-buhari",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/ali-khamenei",
  "person/colette-khoury",
  "person/dahiru-bauchi",
  "person/liamine-zeroual",
  "person/qamruddin-ahmad-gorakhpuri",
  "person/nabil-elaraby",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/ali-yafie",
  "person/nawaf-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah",
  "person/zafrullah-chowdhury",
  "person/sidya-toure",
  "person/hisham-kabbani"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ibrahim-babangida",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-babangida-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/shehu-shagari",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-muhammadu-buhari-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/ibrahim-babangida",
  "person/shehu-shagari"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}