{
 "id": "person/murad-i-uthmani",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "murad-i-uthmani",
 "label": {
  "ar": "مراد الأول"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "السلطان مراد الأول (حكم ٧٦١–٧٩١هـ/١٣٦٠–١٣٨٩م)؛ كان شجاعاً مجاهداً كريماً متديناً محباً للنظام متمسكاً به، عادلاً مع رعاياه وجنوده، شغوفاً بالغزوات وبناء المساجد والمدارس والملاجئ، وشكل من خيرة القادة والخبراء مجلساً لشوراه، وتوسع في آسيا الصغرى وأوروبا في وقت واحد. استولى على مدينة أدرنة سنة ٧٦٢هـ/١٣٦٠م وكانت ثاني مدينة في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية بعد القسطنطينية، واتخذها عاصمة للدولة العثمانية منذ سنة ٧٦٨هـ/١٣٦٦م فانتقلت العاصمة إلى أوروبا وأصبحت أدرنة عاصمة إسلامية تتجمع فيها فئات الموظفين وفرق الجيش وعلماء الدين ودور المحاكم. استشهد في معركة قوصوه {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}.",
  "en": "Sultan Murad I (r. 1360–1389 CE) — took Adrianople in 1360, moved the Ottoman capital across into Europe in 1366, and was killed at the Battle of Kosovo {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/mongol-post-mongol"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1389.0024435820037,
  "latest": 1390.0017796395227
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1389",
   "hijri": "0791",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "مراد بن أورخان بن عثمان"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler",
   "military"
  ],
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1389",
   "hijri": "0791",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الدولة العثمانية لعلي محمد الصلابي (ط1 1421) ص 53",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-salabi-uthmani-batch-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "السلطان مراد الأول بن أورخان بن عثمان، حكم من 761 إلى 791هـ (1360–1389م). وهو ابن [[person/urkhan-ibn-uthman|أورخان بن عثمان]]. يصفه علي محمد الصلابي بأنه شجاع مجاهد كريم، عادل مع رعاياه وجنوده، شغوف بالغزوات وبناء المساجد والمدارس، وأنه شكّل مجلس شورى من خيرة القادة والخبراء. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}\n\nاستولى على أدرنة سنة 762هـ (1360م)، واتخذها عاصمة للدولة العثمانية منذ سنة 768هـ (1366م)، فانتقلت العاصمة إلى أوروبا. وتوسّع في آسيا الصغرى وأوروبا في وقت واحد. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}\n\nوتذكر البيانات أنه استُشهد في معركة قوصوه، وسنة وفاته 791هـ (1389م). {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/murad-i-uthmani",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Sultan Murad I ibn Orhan ibn Osman, who ruled from 761 to 791 AH (1360–1389 CE). He was the son of [[person/urkhan-ibn-uthman|Orhan ibn Osman]]. Ali Muhammad al-Salabi describes him as brave, a holy warrior, generous, just to his subjects and soldiers, devoted to raids and the building of mosques and madrasas, and says that he formed a consultative council of the best commanders and experts. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Conquests",
     "markdown": "He took Adrianople in 762 AH (1360 CE), and made it the capital of the Ottoman state from 768 AH (1366 CE), so the capital moved to Europe. He expanded in Asia Minor and Europe at the same time. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His death",
     "markdown": "The data say that he was martyred in the battle of Kosovo, and that his death year was 791 AH (1389 CE). {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 53}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/murad-i-uthmani",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-rahman-al-tha-alibi",
  "person/abd-allah-ibn-miqdad-al-aqfahsi",
  "person/abu-hammu-musa-ii",
  "person/ahmadi-taj-al-din-ibrahim-ibn-khidr",
  "person/al-abbi-muhammad",
  "person/al-abshihi-muhammad-ibn-ahmad",
  "person/al-barzali-abu-al-qasim",
  "person/al-hisni-taqi-al-din-abu-bakr-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/al-sharif-al-jurjani-ali-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/aq-shams-al-din",
  "person/husayn-ibn-abd-al-rahman-al-ahdal",
  "person/ibn-al-ahmar-ismail-ibn-yusuf"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/bayazid-i-yildirim",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-kosovo-791",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "القائد المستشهد",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-ankara-804",
  "person/muhammad-i-jalabi",
  "person/uthman-i-uthmani",
  "event/battle-kosovo-791",
  "person/bayazid-i-yildirim",
  "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}