{
 "id": "person/mustafa-khan-shefta",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "mustafa-khan-shefta",
 "label": {
  "ar": "مصطفى خان شيفتة",
  "en": "Mustafa Khan Shefta",
  "ur": "مصطفٰی خان شیفتہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر وناقد أردي من دلهي (1809–1869)، من أسرة بانغاش من ملّاك الأراضي. كان صديق ميرزا غالب وراعيه، ومن أركان الحلقة الأدبية في دلهي، وألّف «گلشن بی خار»، وهو من أوائل تواريخ الشعر الأردي. سُجن سبع سنوات بعد ثورة 1857 وصودرت أملاكه، ثم أُعيد إليه نصفها.",
  "en": "Delhi Urdu poet and critic (1809–1869) of a Bangash Pathan landowning family. He was Mirza Ghalib's friend and patron and a pillar of Delhi's literary circle, and wrote Gulshan-e-be-khaar, an early history of Urdu poetry. Imprisoned for seven years after the 1857 rebellion, he had his estates seized and half restored on appeal.",
  "ur": "دہلی کے اردو شاعر و نقاد (1809ء–1869ء)، بنگش پٹھان جاگیردار خاندان سے۔ مرزا غالب کے دوست اور سرپرست، دہلی کے ادبی حلقے کے رکن، اور «گلشنِ بے خار» کے مصنف جو اردو شاعری کی اولین تواریخ میں سے ہے۔ 1857ء کے بعد سات سال قید رہے اور جاگیر ضبط ہوئی، جس کا نصف حصہ اپیل پر بحال ہوا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1809.0001163610477,
  "latest": 1870.0006844767202
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1809",
   "hijri": "1224",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article's lead gives 1809–1869, and the Urdu and Arabic articles file him under 1809 births; Wikidata gives 27 December 1809 at day precision, a day no article states, so the record keeps year precision and derives the Hijri year by tabular conversion from Wikidata's day date. The queue's 1804 is attested by no source read. He was born in Delhi.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur",
    "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1869",
   "hijri": "1286",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article gives his death in 1869 at his residence in Kucha Chelaan, Delhi, and his burial in the family graveyard near the Nizamuddin shrine; Wikidata gives 11 July 1869 at day precision, a day no article states. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion from Wikidata's day date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
    "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "مصطفى خان شيفتة",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Nawab Mustafa Khan Shefta",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Shefta",
    "kind": "pen"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hasrati",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1809",
   "hijri": "1224",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article's lead gives 1809–1869, and the Urdu and Arabic articles file him under 1809 births; Wikidata gives 27 December 1809 at day precision, a day no article states, so the record keeps year precision and derives the Hijri year by tabular conversion from Wikidata's day date. The queue's 1804 is attested by no source read. He was born in Delhi.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur",
    "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1869",
   "hijri": "1286",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article gives his death in 1869 at his residence in Kucha Chelaan, Delhi, and his burial in the family graveyard near the Nizamuddin shrine; Wikidata gives 11 July 1869 at day precision, a day no article states. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion from Wikidata's day date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
    "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source read names his religion or school. The English article (and its Arabic translation, one family) record that in middle life he performed the Hajj, after which his writing became spiritual and abstemious in tone, and that among his early teachers was Haji Muhammad Nur Naqshbandi — a teacher's affiliation never attests, and practice is not a school. The Urdu article likewise makes no statement, and Wikidata carries no religion value for him at all. Recorded unknown until two independent sources name a school for the man himself.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
     "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur",
     "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q6803939"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en",
   "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur",
   "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar",
   "source/wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Nawab Mustafa Khan Shefta' (revision 1365714742), Urdu Wikipedia 'مصطفٰی خان شیفتہ' (revision 10950792), Arabic Wikipedia 'نواب مصطفى خان شفت' (revision 73570167) and Wikidata item Q6803939 (item revision 2518716097), read via the MediaWiki API on 26 October 2026; every article was fetched by its recorded revision id and the returned id asserted equal before any claim was drawn. Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (shefta, shifta, shafta), by Arabic label and by the QID route across data/person/; no earlier record of the poet exists. The Arabic article is a translation of the English and is counted as one attestation family with it.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-68"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعليمه وحلقة دلهي الأدبية",
     "markdown": "تلقى تعليمه المبكر على يد معلمين مشهورين، منهم ميان جي مال مال والحاج محمد نور نقشبندي، وبدأ نظم الشعر مراهقًا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. صار عضوًا بارزًا في الحلقة الأدبية في دلهي التي ضمت غالبًا وذوقًا ومؤمن خان مؤمن، وكان بيته معروفًا بمجالس المشاعرة ومركزًا للنشاط الشعري والرعاية {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. كان يطلب الإصلاح لشعره الأردي من مؤمن، ولشعره الفارسي من غالب {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. وتذكر المقالة الأردية أنه هو الذي قدّم الشاب ألطاف حسين حالي إلى غالب {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}.\n\nكان قريبًا من غالب بصورة خاصة، صديقًا وراعيًا، يعينه في أوقات الحاجة ويزوره في سجنه حين وقع في مشكلات مع السلطات {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ثورة 1857 وما بعدها",
     "markdown": "بعد ثورة 1857 اعتقله البريطانيون للاشتباه في صلته بالمتمردين، لقربه من بهادر شاه ظفر وصلاته بوليداد خان وصهره القائد إسماعيل بيك حمداني، فحُكم عليه بالسجن سبع سنوات وصودرت أملاكه، ولم يُسترد منها عند الاستئناف إلا نصفها {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. وتذكر المقالة الأردية أن مكتبته الكبيرة في دلهي نُهبت وأُحرقت في الثورة، وأن عقوبته أُلغيت ومُقرّر له معاش بشفاعة نواب صديق حسن خان {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}. وقد اشترى ابنه نواب إسحاق خان لاحقًا السجن الذي احتُجز فيه، وبُني في موضعه بيت الأسرة التاريخي المعروف بقلعة مصطفى، ودمجت فيه غرفة السجن الأصلية {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "كتاباته ورحلة الحج",
     "markdown": "كان شعره رومانسي الطابع، وحظيت كتابته بإشادة واسعة لبساطتها ووضوحها ونقاء لغتها، وكان من المعجبين به غالب وحالي، الذي أقرّ في شعره بفضله عليه {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. وألّف في النثر تاريخًا مبكرًا للشعر الأردي عنوانه «گلشن بی خار» (الروضة الخالية من الشوك) {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}.\n\nوفي منتصف عمره أدى فريضة الحج، فتحطمت سفينته على جزيرة غير مأهولة وأُنقذ هو ورفاقه بعد أسابيع، وسجّل الرحلة في رواية قصيرة {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. وبعد الحج ازداد تدينًا وصارت كتاباته روحية متقشفة النبرة، فيما تذكره المصادر {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. ولا يذكر أي مصدر قرئ لهذا السجل مذهبًا أو طريقة له: فأحد معلميه كان نقشبندي الاسم، وانتماء المعلم لا يثبت انتماء التلميذ {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}{cite:wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته وأسرته",
     "markdown": "توفي سنة 1869 في مقره بكوتشا تشيلان في دلهي، ودُفن في مقبرة الأسرة قرب ضريح نظام الدين {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}. وصار ابنه نواب إسحاق خان شخصية بارزة في حركة عليكرة، وحفيده نواب محمد إسماعيل خان سياسيًا بارزًا في رابطة مسلمي عموم الهند وموقّعًا على أول دستور هندي {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ar}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المستشهد بها أعلاه، وهي مسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تكون تنقيحات هذه المقالة مؤرخة، وأن تسمّي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mustafa-khan-shefta",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Education and the Delhi circle",
     "markdown": "His early teachers included Mian ji Maal Maal and Haji Muhammad Nur Naqshbandi, and he began composing poetry as a teenager {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. He became a leading member of the Delhi literary circle that included Ghalib, Zauq and Momin Khan Momin, and his home was known as a venue of mushairas and a centre of poetic activity and patronage {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. He sought poetic correction (islah) for his own Urdu verse from Momin, and for his Persian verse from Ghalib {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. The Urdu article adds that it was Shefta who introduced the young Altaf Hussain Hali to Ghalib {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}.\n\nHe was particularly close to Ghalib, standing by him as a friend and patron, helping him in times of need and visiting him in prison when he was in trouble with the authorities {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The rebellion of 1857 and its aftermath",
     "markdown": "After the rebellion of 1857 the British arrested him on suspicion of involvement with the rebels, because of his close ties to Bahadur Shah Zafar and his relationships with Walidad Khan and his father-in-law, the general Ismail Beg Hamadani {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. He was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment and his estates were seized, only half being restored on appeal {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. The Urdu article records that his great Delhi library was looted and burned in the rising, and that his sentence was remitted and a pension fixed on the intercession of Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}. The prison in which he was held was later bought by his son Nawab Ishaq Khan, and the family home known as Mustafa Castle was built on the site, keeping the original prison room within its design {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Writings and the Hajj journey",
     "markdown": "His poetry was romantic in disposition, and his writing was widely praised for its simplicity, clarity and purity of diction {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. Among his admirers were Ghalib and Hali, who acknowledged in verse his debt to Shefta's teaching {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. In prose he authored an early history of Urdu poetry, Gulshan-e-be-khaar (\"The Thornless Garden\") {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}.\n\nIn middle life he performed the Hajj pilgrimage, during which his ship was wrecked on an uninhabited island and he and his fellow travellers were rescued after several weeks; he recorded the journey in a short account {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. After the Hajj, the sources say, he became more religious and his writing turned spiritual and abstemious in tone {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. No source read for this record names a legal school or order for him: one of his teachers bore a Naqshbandi name, which is a teacher's affiliation and not his own attested one {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}{cite:wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death and family",
     "markdown": "He died in 1869 at his residence in Kucha Chelaan, Delhi, and was buried in the family graveyard near the Nizamuddin shrine {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}. His son Nawab Ishaq Khan became a leading figure of the Aligarh movement, and his grandson Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan a leading Muslim League politician and a signatory of the first Indian constitution {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mustafa-khan-shefta",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم اور دہلی کا ادبی حلقہ",
     "markdown": "ان کے ابتدائی اساتذہ میں میاں جی مال مال اور حاجی محمد نور نقشبندی شامل تھے، اور انہوں نے نوعمری میں شاعری شروع کی {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ وہ دہلی کے اس ادبی حلقے کے نمایاں رکن بنے جس میں غالب، ذوق اور مومن خان مومن شامل تھے، اور ان کا گھر مشاعروں اور ادبی سرپرستی کا مرکز معروف تھا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ وہ اپنی اردو شاعری کی اصلاح مومن سے اور فارسی شاعری کی اصلاح غالب سے کراتے تھے {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ اردو مضمون یہ بھی بتاتا ہے کہ شیفتہ ہی نے نوجوان الطاف حسین حالی کو غالب سے متعارف کرایا تھا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}۔\n\nغالب سے ان کی خصوصی قربت تھی؛ دوست اور سرپرست کی حیثیت سے مشکل وقت میں ان کے کام آئے اور جب غالب حکام سے مشکل میں پڑے تو جیل میں ان سے ملنے جاتے رہے {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "1857ء اور اس کے بعد",
     "markdown": "1857ء کی بغاوت کے بعد انگریزوں نے انہیں باغیوں سے تعلق کے شبہے میں گرفتار کیا، کیونکہ بہادر شاہ ظفر سے ان کی قربت اور ولیداد خان اور ان کے سسر جنرل اسماعیل بیگ ہمدانی سے ان کے روابط تھے {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ انہیں سات سال قید کی سزا ہوئی اور جاگیر ضبط کر لی گئی، جس کا نصف حصہ اپیل پر بحال ہوا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ اردو مضمون بتاتا ہے کہ دہلی میں ان کی عظیم لائبریری بغاوت میں لُوٹی اور جلا دی گئی، اور نواب صدیق حسن خان کی سفارش سے ان کی سزا معاف ہوئی اور پنشن مقرر ہوئی {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-ur}۔ جس قید خانے میں وہ رہے، بعد میں ان کے بیٹے نواب اسحاق خان نے اسے خرید لیا اور اسی جگہ خاندانی گھر «مصطفٰی قلعہ» تعمیر ہوا، جس کے نقشے میں قید کی اصل کوٹھری برقرار رکھی گئی {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تصانیف اور سفرِ حج",
     "markdown": "ان کی شاعری رومانی مزاج کی تھی اور ان کی تحریر کو سادگی، وضاحت اور زبان کی پاکیزگی پر وسیع پیمانے پر سراہا گیا؛ ان کے مداحوں میں غالب اور حالی شامل تھے، جنہوں نے اپنے شعر میں شیفتہ کے احسان کا اعتراف کیا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ نثر میں انہوں نے اردو شاعری کی اولین تواریخ میں سے «گلشنِ بے خار» لکھی {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔\n\nدرمیانی عمر میں انہوں نے حج کیا، جس کے دوران ان کا جہاز ایک غیر آباد جزیرے پر ٹوٹ گیا اور وہ اور ان کے ساتھی کئی ہفتوں بعد بچائے گئے؛ اس سفر کا مختصر حال انہوں نے خود لکھا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ ماخذ بتاتے ہیں کہ حج کے بعد وہ زیادہ مذہبی ہو گئے اور ان کی تحریر روحانی و زاہدانہ رنگ اختیار کر گئی {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ اس ریکارڈ کے لیے پڑھے گئے کسی ماخذ میں ان کا کوئی مذہب یا مسلک بیان نہیں ہوا؛ ان کے ایک استاد کا نام نقشبندی تھا، اور استاد کا سلسلہ شاگرد کے مسلک کی سند نہیں ہوتا {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}{cite:wikidata-mustafa-khan-shefta}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات اور خاندان",
     "markdown": "ان کا انتقال 1869ء میں دہلی کے کوچہ چیلان میں واقع ان کی رہائش گاہ پر ہوا اور وہ نظام الدین کے قریب خاندانی قبرستان میں دفن ہوئے {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔ ان کے بیٹے نواب اسحاق خان علی گڑھ تحریک کی نمایاں شخصیت بنے اور پوتے نواب محمد اسماعیل خان مسلم لیگ کے ممتاز سیاست دان اور ہندوستان کے پہلے آئین کے دستخط کنندہ رہے {cite:wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر حوالہ دیے گئے متعین ماخذ، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر نظرثانی تاریخ کے ساتھ ہو، اور بتائے کہ کس ماخذ کی بنیاد پر کون سی بات بدلی گئی۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/mustafa-khan-shefta",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-ghaffar-al-akhras",
  "person/abd-al-ghani-al-maydani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-jazairi",
  "person/ahmad-akansus",
  "person/ahmad-faris-al-shidyaq",
  "person/imam-shamil",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-ahmad-aknasus",
  "person/mulla-mushk-i-alam",
  "person/qudsia-begum",
  "person/rifaa-al-tahtawi",
  "person/sadir-palwan",
  "person/said-ahmed-mougne-mkou"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/delhi",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/delhi",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mirza-ghalib",
   "type": "patron_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/momin-khan-momin",
   "type": "student_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mirza-ghalib",
   "type": "student_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mustafa-khan-shefta-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/delhi",
  "person/bahadur-shah-zafar",
  "person/dagh-dehlvi",
  "person/mirza-ghalib",
  "person/momin-khan-momin",
  "event/aurangzeb-coronation-delhi-1659",
  "event/founding-of-shahjahanabad-1638",
  "event/humayun-returns-to-delhi-962"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}