{
 "id": "person/noor-inayat-khan",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "noor-inayat-khan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "نور النساء عنايت خان",
  "en": "Noor Inayat Khan",
  "ur": "نور النساء"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كاتبة بريطانية هندية وعميلة في منظمة العمليات الخاصة البريطانية خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية (1914–1944)، وُلدت في موسكو ونشأت في لندن وسوريسن قرب باريس؛ أول مشغّلة لاسلكي تُرسل إلى فرنسا المحتلة، اعتُقلت وأُعدمت في معسكر داخاو، ومُنحت بعد وفاتها وسام صليب جورج وصليب الحرب الفرنسي.",
  "en": "British-Indian writer and agent of the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War (1914–1944), born in Moscow and raised in London and Suresnes near Paris. The first female wireless operator sent into occupied France, she was captured and executed at Dachau concentration camp, and was posthumously awarded the George Cross and the French Croix de Guerre.",
  "ur": "برطانوی ہندوستانی مصنفہ اور دوسری جنگ عظیم میں برطانوی اسپیشل آپریشنز ایگزیکٹو کی ایجنٹ (1914–1944)، ماسکو میں پیدا ہوئیں اور لندن و پیرس کے قریب سریسنیس میں پلی بڑھیں؛ مقبوضہ فرانس بھیجی جانے والی پہلی خاتون وائرلیس آپریٹر، گرفتار ہو کر داخاؤ کیمپ میں قتل کی گئیں اور بعد از وفات جارج کراس اور فرانسیسی صلیبِ جنگ سے نوازی گئیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1913.998850079057,
  "latest": 1944.7017392553944
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1914-01-01",
   "hijri": "1332",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born 1 January 1914 in Moscow, Russian Empire (all three articles and Wikidata). Moscow has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1944-09-13",
   "hijri": "1363",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Executed at Dachau concentration camp on 13 September 1944 (English and Arabic articles; the Arabic article's categories give the Hijri year 1363). Dachau has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "نور النساء عنايت خان",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Nora Baker",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Madeleine",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "roles": [
   "writer",
   "poet"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1914-01-01",
   "hijri": "1332",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born 1 January 1914 in Moscow, Russian Empire (all three articles and Wikidata). Moscow has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1944-09-13",
   "hijri": "1363",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Executed at Dachau concentration camp on 13 September 1944 (English and Arabic articles; the Arabic article's categories give the Hijri year 1363). Dachau has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Attested as a Muslim personally, but no source names a school or tradition for her personally, so no faith value can be recorded. The Arabic text's lead calls her personally a Muslim; the Urdu text describes her London memorial as the first in England for a Muslim woman; the English text cites press headlines (the Guardian, Sky News, NPR) calling her a Muslim heroine. Sufi is attached to her only in category filings (British Sufis, Inayati Sufis, Sufi poets) and in the subtitle of Arthur Magida's 2021 biography, A Sufi Spy — filings and one book subtitle are not two text attestations. Her upbringing in her father's Sufi household, including the nonviolence teaching she and her brother discussed, is family background and formation, which never attests; Wikidata's religion value is Islam only, without a branch.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur",
     "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
     "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q464957"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
   "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur",
   "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Noor Inayat Khan, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1382074574, AR 75475651, UR 11800229) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q464957 (revision 2557302300). Existence checks by name fragments (Noor Inayat Khan, نور النساء, نور عنایت) and by QID across data/person and data/source found no prior record. She is a daughter of Hazrat Inayat Khan, built in this same wave; the child_of edge is written here, in the child's record, once. The lane queue gives 1914–1944; the sources agree.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-59"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "نور النساء عنايت خان (1 يناير 1914 – 13 سبتمبر 1944) أميرة هندية مسلمة، وُلدت في روسيا، وشاركت في المقاومة ضد النازيين خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية عميلةً لمنظمة العمليات الخاصة البريطانية.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأتها",
     "markdown": "وُلدت في موسكو، وهي أكبر أبناء عنايت خان، الموسيقي ومعلّم التصوف، وزوجته الأمريكية أمينة بيجوم الأربعة.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} غادرت أسرتها روسيا إلى بريطانيا سنة 1914، ثم استقرت سنة 1920 في سوريسن قرب باريس؛ وبعد وفاة أبيها سنة 1927 تحمّلت وهي في الثالثة عشرة مسؤولية إخوتها، ودرست علم نفس الطفل في السوربون والموسيقى في معهد باريس.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} وبدأت حياتها الأدبية بكتابة الشعر وقصص الأطفال بالإنجليزية والفرنسية، وصدر كتابها «عشرون حكاية جاتاكا» في لندن سنة 1939.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "خدمتها ووفاتها",
     "markdown": "فرّت الأسرة من فرنسا في يونيو 1940 قبل الاجتياح الألماني إلى بريطانيا.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} التحقت بالقوات الجوية النسائية المساعدة وتدرّبت مشغّلة لاسلكي، ثم جُنّدت في منظمة العمليات الخاصة وأُرسلت إلى فرنسا المحتلة، فكانت أول مشغّلة لاسلكي تُرسل في مهمة كهذه، فاعتُقلت بعد خيانة، وعُذّبت عشرة أشهر دون أن تكشف أسرار مهمتها.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar} أُعدمت رميًا بالرصاص في 13 سبتمبر 1944 في معسكر داخاو.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التكريم",
     "markdown": "مُنحت بعد مقتلها وسام صليب جورج في بريطانيا ووسام صليب الحرب في فرنسا، وأقامت لها بريطانيا تمثالًا في ساحة غوردون وسط لندن، وفرنسا نصبين تذكاريين.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-noor-inayat-khan}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/noor-inayat-khan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan (1 January 1914 – 13 September 1944), also known as Nora Baker and by her SOE codename Madeleine, was a British-Indian agent of the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, the first female wireless operator sent from Britain into occupied France.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} The Arabic article introduces her as an Indian Muslim princess who resisted the Nazis.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "She was born in Moscow, the eldest of four children of Inayat Khan, the musician and teacher of Sufism, and his American wife Ameena Begum.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} The family left Russia for Britain in 1914 and moved in 1920 to Suresnes near Paris; after her father's death in 1927, the thirteen-year-old Noor helped care for her younger siblings, studied child psychology at the Sorbonne and music at the Paris Conservatory.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Writer",
     "markdown": "As a young woman she published poetry and children's stories in English and French and contributed to children's magazines and French radio; her book Twenty Jataka Tales, retelling Buddhist Jataka stories, was published in London in 1939.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "War service and death",
     "markdown": "The family fled France in June 1940 ahead of the German conquest, reaching Falmouth by sea.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} She joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force in November 1940 and trained as a wireless operator, was recruited by the SOE's F Section, and was sent into occupied France, where she was betrayed and captured.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} She was executed at Dachau concentration camp on 13 September 1944.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Honours",
     "markdown": "She was posthumously awarded the George Cross and the French Croix de Guerre.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} A memorial to her stands in Gordon Square, London; the Urdu article notes that it was the first memorial in England to a Muslim woman.{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-noor-inayat-khan}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/noor-inayat-khan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "نور النساء عنایت خان (1 جنوری 1914 – 13 ستمبر 1944) برطانوی ہندوستانی مصنفہ اور دوسری جنگ عظیم میں برطانوی اسپیشل آپریشنز ایگزیکٹو (SOE) کی ایجنٹ تھیں؛ مقبوضہ فرانس بھیجی جانے والی پہلی خاتون وائرلیس آپریٹر۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} ان کی قربانی اور جرات کی کہانی برطانیہ اور فرانس میں آج بھی مقبول ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی",
     "markdown": "وہ ماسکو میں پیدا ہوئیں، عنایت خان — جو ایک صوفی منش انسان تھے اور برصغیر کے تصوف کو مغربی ممالک تک پہنچانے والے تھے — اور ان کی امریکی اہلیہ امینہ بیگم کی سب سے بڑی اولاد۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en} خاندان 1914 میں ماسکو سے لندن آ گیا اور 1920 میں پیرس کے قریب سریسنیس منتقل ہو گیا؛ والد کی وفات (1927) کے بعد تیرہ سالہ نور نے خاندان کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی، سوربون میں نفسیاتِ اطفال اور پیرس کنزرویٹری میں موسیقی کی تعلیم حاصل کی، اور شاعری و بچوں کی کہانیاں لکھیں؛ ان کی کتاب «بیس جاتک کہانیاں» 1939 میں لندن سے شائع ہوئی۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جنگی خدمات اور وفات",
     "markdown": "1940 میں فرانس پر جرمن قبضے کے بعد خاندان برطانیہ چلا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur} وہ خواتین کی معاون فضائی فوج میں شامل ہوئیں، وائرلیس آپریٹر کی تربیت پائی، پھر SOE کے فرانسیسی شعبے میں بھرتی ہو کر مقبوضہ فرانس بھیجی گئیں، جہاں دھوکے سے گرفتار ہوئیں اور دس ماہ کی اذیت کے باوجود کوئی راز نہ بتایا۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar} 13 ستمبر 1944 کو داخاؤ حراستی کیمپ میں انھیں گولی مار کر قتل کر دیا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اعزازات",
     "markdown": "انھیں بعد از وفات برطانیہ کے سب سے بڑے شہری اعزاز جارج کراس اور فرانسیسی صلیبِ جنگ سے نوازا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar} لندن کے گورڈن اسکوائر میں ان کی یادگار انگلستان میں کسی مسلمان خاتون کے اعزاز میں پہلی یادگار ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ur}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar}} {{cite:wikidata-noor-inayat-khan}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/noor-inayat-khan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abbas-mahmoud-al-aqqad",
  "person/abd-al-halim-mahmud",
  "person/abd-al-jabbar-al-jumurd",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abd-allah-ibn-al-siddiq-al-ghumari",
  "person/abd-el-krim",
  "person/abdelaziz-thaalbi",
  "person/abdelkader-hadj-ali",
  "person/abdul-aleem-siddiqui",
  "person/abdul-hai-arifi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/hazrat-inayat-khan",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-noor-inayat-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-noor-inayat-khan"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/ali-khan",
  "person/vilayat-inayat-khan",
  "place/delhi",
  "person/hazrat-inayat-khan"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}