{
 "id": "person/qudsia-begum",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "qudsia-begum",
 "label": {
  "ar": "قدسية بيكم",
  "en": "Qudsia Begum",
  "ur": "نواب قدسیہ بیگم"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أول نساء بوبال حكمًا في وسط الهند: تزوّجت نضر محمد خان سنة 1817، وخلفته نوابًا في 14 تشرين الثاني 1819، وحكمت حتى تنازلها في 29 تشرين الثاني 1837 لصالح صهرها وابنتها سكندر بيكم. بنت الجامع الكبير في بوبال ومشروع مياه للمدينة، وظلّت مؤثرة في شؤون الدولة في عهود صهرها وابنتها وحفيدتها شاه جهان بيكم. وُلدت باسم گوہر بيكم، وتصفها مقالة الأردية بطول العبادة والكرم.",
  "en": "First of the women rulers of Bhopal in central India: she married Nazar Mohammad Khan in 1817, succeeded him as nawab on 14 November 1819, and ruled until her abdication on 29 November 1837 in favour of her son-in-law and her daughter Sikandar Begum. She built Bhopal's great Jama Masjid and a waterworks for the city, and remained influential in state affairs through the reigns of her son-in-law, her daughter and her granddaughter Shah Jahan Begum. Born Gauhar Begum, she is described by the Urdu article as a woman of long devotions and open-handed charity.",
  "ur": "وسط ہندوستان کی ریاست بھوپال کی پہلی خاتون حکمران: 1817 میں نواب نذر محمد خان سے شادی ہوئی، 14 نومبر 1819 کو ان کی جانشین بنیں اور 29 نومبر 1837 کو اپنے داماد اور بیٹی سکندر بیگم کے حق میں دستبردار ہونے تک حکمران رہیں۔ انہوں نے بھوپال کی عظیم جامع مسجد اور شہر کے لیے واٹر ورکس بنوایا، اور داماد، بیٹی اور نواسی شاہ جہاں بیگم کے ادوار میں ریاستی امور پر اثر انداز رہیں۔ پیدائشی نام گوہر بیگم تھا؛ اردو مقالہ ان کی طویل عبادت اور سخاوت کا ذکر کرتا ہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1800.9999520866274,
  "latest": 1881.962600190253
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1801",
   "hijri": "1215",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born at Bhopal in 1801, per the English article and Wikidata Q18530677; the Urdu article pairs her birth with the year 1215 AH, which is followed for the Hijri year. No source gives a day. Bhopal has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
    "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1881-12-17",
   "hijri": "1299",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "The English article gives only the year 1881 and the Urdu article pairs her death with 1299 AH at about 84 years of age; the exact day, 17 December 1881, rests on Wikidata Q18530677 alone and is recorded from it under the publication standard. Bhopal has no place entity in the museum yet, so no died_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
    "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Qudsia Begum",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "قدسیہ بیگم",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Gauhar Begum",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "گوہر بیگم",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1801",
   "hijri": "1215",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born at Bhopal in 1801, per the English article and Wikidata Q18530677; the Urdu article pairs her birth with the year 1215 AH, which is followed for the Hijri year. No source gives a day. Bhopal has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
    "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1881-12-17",
   "hijri": "1299",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "The English article gives only the year 1881 and the Urdu article pairs her death with 1299 AH at about 84 years of age; the exact day, 17 December 1881, rests on Wikidata Q18530677 alone and is recorded from it under the publication standard. Bhopal has no place entity in the museum yet, so no died_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
    "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
    "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No consulted source names any school for her, and none gives an affiliation at all. The English article names no religion in its text (its 'Muslim monarchs' and '19th-century Indian Muslims' categories are filings, which do not attest) and has no infobox; the Urdu article describes her personal devotion at length — rising at night for prayer and recitation, urging prayer on her household, feeding the poor — which is practice, and her building of Bhopal's Jama Masjid was an act of rule; Wikidata carries no religion value (P140) for her. Headship case, weaker than her daughter's and granddaughter's: Sikandar Begum and Shah Jahan Begum each have a single-infobox Sunni reading preserved in their records, but for Qudsia there is not even an infobox reading to weigh. The value stays unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
     "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
     "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q18530677"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en",
   "source/wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur",
   "source/wikidata-qudsia-begum"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Qudsia Begum, Begum of Bhopal' (revision 1350837953), Urdu Wikipedia 'نواب قدسیہ بیگم' (revision 11194628) and Wikidata item Q18530677 (item revision 2559562803), each fetched by its recorded revision id through the MediaWiki API with the returned id asserted equal before use, and the Wikidata identifiers confirmed identical on two separate reads on 27 October 2026. No Arabic Wikipedia article exists for her, so the Arabic prose is written from the English and Urdu sources and says so. Existence checks by name fragments (qudsia, قدسیہ), by Arabic label across data/person, by biography (Bhopal, r. 1819–1837) and by QID found no prior record; she is the Bhopal ruler of 1801–1881, not another begum of the name. No relations are written in her record: her husband and predecessor Nazar Mohammad Khan has no person record, Bhopal has no place or polity entity, and the kinship and succession edges to her daughter belong, under the write-once rule, in the daughter's record (person/sikandar-begum), which is not edited in this run.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-85"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قدسية بيكم (1801 – 17 كانون الأول 1881)، واسمها عند الولادة گوہر بيكم، نواب بوبال في وسط الهند من 14 تشرين الثاني 1819 حتى تنازلها في 29 تشرين الثاني 1837 — وهي أول النساء اللواتي حكمن تلك الدولة. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikidata-qudsia-begum} ولا توجد عنها مقالة في ويكيبيديا العربية، فكُتب هذا النص من المصدرين الإنجليزي والأردي. تعطي مقالة الأردية مولدها سنة 1215هـ ووفاتها سنة 1299هـ عن نحو أربع وثمانين سنة. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والحكم",
     "markdown": "هي ابنة نواب غوث محمد خان من بوبال، تزوّجت سنة 1817 نضر محمد خان الذي خلف أباها نوابًا. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} وتوفّي زوجها سنة 1819 — وتضيف مقالة الأردية أن أباها توفي في السنة نفسها — فخلفته نوابًا على بوبال وخلّفت ابنة صغيرة هي سكندر بيكم. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} وتنسب مقالة الأردية إلى حكمها بناء الجامع الكبير في بوبال ومشروع مياه أوصل الماء إلى أهل المدينة بكلفة لكوك من الروبيات. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التنازل والأثر اللاحق",
     "markdown": "تنازلت سنة 1837 لصالح ابنتها وصهرها؛ وتروي مقالة الأردية — مؤرّخة التنحّي بسنة 1252هـ — خلافًا واشتباكًا مسلحًا مع الصهر جهانگير محمد خان، فُضّ بوساطة بريطانية وخُصّصت لها جاگيرية بأربعة لكوك. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} ومع ذلك ظلّت مؤثرة في شؤون دولة بوبال في عهود صهرها وابنتها سكندر بيكم وحفيدتها شاه جهان بيكم. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} وتذكرها مقالة الأردية بطول العبادة — تنهض قرب الساعة الثانية ليلًا للتلاوة والصلاة والذكر حتى الثامنة، وتصلي التهجد وتحثّ أهل بيتها على الصلاة — وبسخاء اليد في إطعام الفقراء. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/qudsia-begum",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Qudsia Begum (1801 – 17 December 1881), born Gauhar Begum, was the Nawab of Bhopal in central India from 14 November 1819 until her abdication on 29 November 1837 — the first of the women who ruled that state. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikidata-qudsia-begum} The Urdu article gives her birth in the Hijri year 1215 and her death in 1299 at about eighty-four years of age. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rise and rule",
     "markdown": "She was the daughter of Nawab Ghous Mohammad Khan of Bhopal, and in 1817 she married Nazar Mohammad Khan, who succeeded her father as nawab. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} Widowed in 1819 — the Urdu article adds that her father also died that year — she succeeded her husband as Nawab of Bhopal, leaving a young daughter, Sikandar Begum. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} The Urdu article credits her rule with Bhopal's great Jama Masjid and a waterworks that brought water to the city's people at a cost of lakhs of rupees. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Abdication and later influence",
     "markdown": "In 1837 she abdicated in favour of her daughter and son-in-law; the Urdu account, which dates the separation to 1252 AH, tells of a quarrel and armed clash with the son-in-law, Jahangir Mohammad Khan, settled by British mediation with a jagir of four lakhs assigned to her. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} She nevertheless continued to influence the affairs of state in Bhopal during the reigns of her son-in-law, her daughter Sikandar Begum, and her granddaughter Shah Jahan Begum. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} The Urdu article remembers her personal devotion — rising near two in the morning for recitation, prayer and remembrance until eight, keeping the night vigil and urging prayer on her household — and her open-handed feeding of the poor. {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/qudsia-begum",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "نواب قدسیہ بیگم (1801 – 17 دسمبر 1881)، پیدائشی نام گوہر بیگم، ریاست بھوپال کی پہلی خاتون نواب تھیں: 14 نومبر 1819 سے 29 نومبر 1837 میں دستبرداری تک۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikidata-qudsia-begum} اردو مقالہ ان کی پیدائش 1215ھ اور وفات 1299ھ تقریباً 84 برس کی عمر میں بتاتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکومت",
     "markdown": "وہ نواب غوث محمد خان کی صاحبزادی تھیں؛ 1817 میں نواب نذر محمد خان سے شادی ہوئی جو ان کے والد کے جانشین بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} 1819 میں شوہر (اور اسی سال والد) کی وفات کے بعد وہ بھوپال کی نواب بنیں، پیچھے خرد سالہ بیٹی سکندر بیگم رہ گئی۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} اردو مقالہ ان کے دور کی تعمیرات میں بھوپال کی عظیم جامع مسجد اور شہریوں کے لیے لاکھوں روپے کا واٹر ورکس گنواتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دستبرداری اور بعد کا اثر",
     "markdown": "1837 میں وہ بیٹی اور داماد کے حق میں دستبردار ہوئیں؛ اردو روایت (1252ھ) داماد جہانگیر محمد خان سے لڑائی اور انگریزوں کی ثالثی سے چار لاکھ کی جاگیر پر تصفیے کا ذکر کرتی ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur} اس کے باوجود وہ داماد، بیٹی سکندر بیگم اور نواسی شاہ جہاں بیگم کے ادوار میں ریاستی امور پر اثر انداز رہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-en} اردو مقالہ ان کی عبادت گزاری — رات دو بجے بیدار ہو کر آٹھ بجے تک تلاوت، نماز اور ذکر، تہجد کی پابندی — اور غرباء پروری کو یاد کرتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-qudsia-begum-ur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/qudsia-begum",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/mulla-mushk-i-alam",
  "person/taj-al-dawla-calligrapher",
  "person/zia-al-saltaneh",
  "person/ahmad-faris-al-shidyaq",
  "person/ahmad-akansus",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-ahmad-aknasus",
  "person/said-ahmed-mougne-mkou",
  "person/abd-al-ghani-al-maydani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-jazairi",
  "person/rifaa-al-tahtawi",
  "person/ahmad-ali-saharanpuri",
  "person/sadir-palwan"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}