{
 "id": "person/rashid-al-din-hamadani",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "rashid-al-din-hamadani",
 "label": {
  "ar": "رشيد الدين الهمذاني",
  "en": "Rashid al-Din Hamadani",
  "ur": "رشید الدین ہمدانی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "رشيد الدين فضل الله الهمذاني (1247 – 13 يوليو 1318)، وزير الإيلخانيين وطبيبهم ومؤرخهم، صاحب «جامع التواريخ» أوسع تاريخ عالمي كُتب في عصره. وُلد في همدان لأسرة يهودية فارسية واعتنق الإسلام في نحو الثلاثين من عمره، فارتقى في بلاط أباقا ثم صار الوزير الأعظم لغازان وأولجايتو، وأشرف على إصلاحات مالية وعمرانية واسعة وأسس بتبريز مجمع الربع الرشيدي العلمي. وبعد وفاة أولجايتو اتُّهم بتسميمه فأُعدم سنة 718 هـ وخلفه ابنه غياث الدين وزيرًا لفترة وجيزة.",
  "en": "Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani (1247 - 13 July 1318) was the Ilkhanid vizier, physician and historian whose Jami' al-Tawarikh ('Compendium of Chronicles') is the most comprehensive world history of its age. Born at Hamadan into a Persian Jewish family, he converted to Islam at about the age of thirty, rose at the court of Abaqa, and became grand vizier under Ghazan and Oldjaitu, directing fiscal and building reforms and founding the Rab'-i Rashidi scholarly complex at Tabriz. After Oldjaitu's death he was charged with poisoning him and executed in 718 AH; his son Ghiyath al-Din briefly held the vizierate after him.",
  "ur": "رشید الدین فضل اللہ ہمدانی (1247ء – 13 جولائی 1318ء) ایل خانیوں کے وزیر، طبیب اور مؤرخ تھے، جن کی «جامع التواریخ» اپنے دور کی سب سے جامع عالمی تاریخ ہے۔ ہمدان کے ایک یہودی خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے، تیس برس کی عمر میں اسلام قبول کیا، اور غازان و اولجایتو کے وزیر اعظم بنے۔ 718ھ میں ان پر اولجایتو کو زہر دینے کا الزام لگا اور انھیں پھانسی دے دی گئی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1247.0008966645448,
  "latest": 1318.5314551290949
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1247",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "All three article texts give 1247. The Arabic and Urdu articles state that he was born in Hamadan; the English article says his family was from Hamadan province. The year 1247 spans 644-645 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur",
    "source/wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1318-07-13",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "0718",
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles give his execution on 13 July 1318, at the age of seventy, on the charge of poisoning Oldjaitu; the Arabic article dates his killing to Jumada I 718 AH, the same month. No text read states the city of his execution with certainty, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur",
    "source/wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Rashid al-Din Tabib",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Rashid al-Din Hamadani",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "vizier",
   "historian",
   "physician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1247",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "All three article texts give 1247. The Arabic and Urdu articles state that he was born in Hamadan; the English article says his family was from Hamadan province. The year 1247 spans 644-645 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur",
    "source/wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1318-07-13",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "0718",
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles give his execution on 13 July 1318, at the age of seventy, on the charge of poisoning Oldjaitu; the Arabic article dates his killing to Jumada I 718 AH, the same month. No text read states the city of his execution with certainty, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur",
    "source/wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "His conversion is documented practice and is stated here in full: all three article texts agree that he was born into a Jewish family — of Hamadan, his father an apothecary-physician at the Ilkhanid court — and that he embraced Islam at about the age of thirty, in 1277 by the English article's dating. The Arabic article's religion section preserves a minority scholarly view that he was born Muslim, against the majority it quotes from Ibn Kathir, al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar. No school is settled for him. The Arabic article names the Hanafi school for him in a single passage, glossing Oldjaitu's change of school as a turn away from the school Rashid was upon; the English article describes him as an ardent Sunni Muslim, but on the strength of his Letters, whose authenticity the same article reports as disputed and probably forged. One text naming the school, joined to a second attestation that is itself doubted, does not meet the founder's two-text rule, and the doubt rule is absolute. His faith is therefore recorded as unknown, with the conversion and both readings stated here in full.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
     "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q328782"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en",
   "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur",
   "source/wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Rashid al-Din Hamadani' (revision 1382607225 of 29 October 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'رشيد الدين فضل الله الهمذاني' (revision 77076088 of 26 October 2026), Urdu Wikipedia 'رشید الدین فضل اللہ ہمدانی' (revision 9930084 of 18 April 2026) and Wikidata Q328782 (item revision 2562784027 of 30 October 2026, re-asserted identical on a second live query), all fetched live in-session on 2 November 2026, the QID grounded from the article's own page property. Existence checked against origin/main before building, by name fragments and by QID: no record exists for him. No child_of edge for his son Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad: the son has no record on origin/main, and the edge would in any case be written in the son's record.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-181n2"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "رشيد الدين فضل الله الهمذاني (1247 – 13 يوليو 1318) وزير الإيلخانيين وطبيبهم ومؤرخهم، صاحب «جامع التواريخ» الذي كلفه به غازان، وهو أوسع مصدر فارسي عن العصر المغولي ومن أوائل محاولات كتابة تاريخ العالم كله. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} تدرب طبيبًا وارتقى في بلاط أباقا حتى صار الوزير الأعظم لغازان وأولجايتو، فأشرف على إصلاحات مالية وزراعية وعمرانية واسعة، وأسس بجوار تبريز مجمع الربع الرشيدي بمكاتبه ومسجده ومدارسه وبيمارستانه. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اعتناقه الإسلام ومسألة مذهبه",
     "markdown": "تتفق المقالات الثلاث على أنه وُلد لأسرة يهودية في همدان — وكان أبوه عطارًا طبيبًا في البلاط — وأنه اعتنق الإسلام في نحو الثلاثين من عمره، سنة 1277 بحسب المقالة الإنجليزية. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur} وتحفظ المقالة العربية في باب ديانته قولًا أقلّيًا لبعض الباحثين إنه وُلد مسلمًا، مقابل الجمهور الذي تنقله عن ابن كثير والذهبي وابن حجر، مع اتفاق الجميع على أنه سار سيرة المسلم المخلص. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} ولا يُثبت سجله مذهبًا له: فالمقالة العربية تسمّي المذهب الحنفي له في موضع واحد ضمن حديثها عن تحول أولجايتو المذهبي، ووصف المقالة الإنجليزية له بأنه مسلم سني متقد يستند إلى «رسائله» التي تذكر المقالة نفسها أن صحتها متنازع فيها ومرجح أنها مزورة؛ فنص واحد يسمّي المدرسة وشهادة ثانية مشكوك فيها لا يفيان بشرط النصين، فسُجّل دينه غير معروف مع إثبات الاعتناق والقولين كاملين. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سقوطه ومقتله",
     "markdown": "بعد وفاة أولجايتو سنة 1316 اتهمه خصومه في بلاط أبي سعيد بأنه سمّ الإلخان الراحل، فأُعدم في 13 يوليو 1318 عن سبعين عامًا؛ وتؤرخ المقالة العربية مقتله بجمادى الأولى سنة 718 هـ وتنقل مصادرة أمواله وتسليم الربع الرشيدي للعسكر. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/rashid-al-din-hamadani",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-02"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani (1247 - 13 July 1318) was the Ilkhanid vizier, physician and historian whose Jami' al-Tawarikh, the Compendium of Chronicles commissioned by Ghazan, is the most comprehensive Persian source on the Mongol period and one of the first attempts at a history of the whole world. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} Trained as a physician, he rose at the court of Abaqa to become grand vizier under Ghazan and Oldjaitu, directed fiscal, agricultural and building reforms, and founded the Rab'-i Rashidi scholarly complex beside Tabriz, with its scriptorium, mosque, schools and hospital. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Conversion and faith",
     "markdown": "All three article texts agree that he was born into a Jewish family of Hamadan — his father an apothecary-physician at court — and that he embraced Islam at about the age of thirty, in 1277 by the English article's dating. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur} The Arabic article's religion section preserves a minority scholarly view that he was born Muslim, against the majority it quotes from Ibn Kathir, al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar, while agreeing that he lived the life of a sincere Muslim. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} No school is settled for him in his record: the Arabic article names the Hanafi school for him in a single passage on Oldjaitu's change of school, and the English article's description of him as an ardent Sunni Muslim rests on his Letters, whose authenticity the same article reports as disputed and probably forged — one naming text and one doubted attestation do not meet the two-text standard, so his faith is recorded as unknown with the conversion and both readings stated in full. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Fall and death",
     "markdown": "After Oldjaitu's death in 1316, Rashid al-Din's rivals at the court of Abu Sa'id charged him with having poisoned the late Ilkhan, and he was executed on 13 July 1318 at the age of seventy; the Arabic article dates the killing to Jumada I 718 AH and recounts that his property was confiscated and the Rab'-i Rashidi given over to the soldiery. {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/rashid-al-din-hamadani",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-02"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "رشید الدین فضل اللہ ہمدانی (1247ء – 13 جولائی 1318ء) ایل خانیوں کے وزیر، طبیب اور مؤرخ تھے، جن کی «جامع التواریخ» — غازان کے حکم سے مرتب ہونے والی کتاب — مغول دور کا سب سے جامع فارسی ماخذ اور دنیا کی مکمل تاریخ لکھنے کی اولین کوششوں میں سے ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} طبیب کی حیثیت سے تربیت پا کر وہ اباقا کے دربار سے ترقی کرتے ہوئے غازان و اولجایتو کے وزیر اعظم بنے، مالی و عمرانی اصلاحات کی نگرانی کی، اور تبریز کے قریب ربع رشیدی کا علمی مجمع قائم کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اسلام قبول کرنا اور مذہب کا سوال",
     "markdown": "تینوں مضامین متفق ہیں کہ وہ ہمدان کے ایک یہودی خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے — والد دربار میں عطار و طبیب تھے — اور تقریباً تیس برس کی عمر میں، انگریزی مضمون کے مطابق 1277ء میں، اسلام قبول کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur} عربی مضمون ان کے دین کے باب میں بعض محققین کی اقلیتی رائے بھی محفوظ کرتا ہے کہ وہ پیدائشی مسلمان تھے، جب کہ جمہور مؤرخین — ابن کثیر، ذہبی اور ابن حجر کے حوالے سے — یہودی النسل ہونے کے قائل ہیں، اور سب اس بات پر متفق ہیں کہ وہ مخلص مسلمان کی زندگی گزار گئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} ان کے ریکارڈ میں کوئی مذہب طے نہیں کیا گیا: عربی مضمون ایک ہی مقام پر، اولجایتو کی مذہب تبدیلی کے ضمن میں، انھیں حنفی بتاتا ہے، اور انگریزی مضمون کا انھیں «پرجوش سنی مسلمان» کہنا ان کے «خطوط» پر مبنی ہے جن کی صحت کو وہی مضمون مشتبہ اور غالباً جعلی بتاتا ہے؛ اس لیے ان کا مذہب نامعلوم درج کیا گیا ہے اور قبولِ اسلام و دونوں آراء پوری طرح درج ہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زوال و قتل",
     "markdown": "اولجایتو کی وفات (1316ء) کے بعد ابو سعید کے دربار میں ان کے حریفوں نے ان پر مرحوم ایل خان کو زہر دینے کا الزام لگایا، اور 13 جولائی 1318ء کو ستر برس کی عمر میں انھیں پھانسی دے دی گئی؛ عربی مضمون ان کے قتل کی تاریخ جمادی الاول 718ھ بتاتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-en} {cite:wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar} {cite:wikidata-rashid-al-din-hamadani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/rashid-al-din-hamadani",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-02"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/al-jabari-abu-ishaq-ibrahim-ibn-umar",
  "person/ibn-jama-a-badr-al-din",
  "person/nizam-al-din-awliya",
  "person/zaynab-bint-al-kamal",
  "person/sitt-al-wuzara-al-tanukhiyya",
  "person/al-astarabadhi-al-hasan",
  "person/safi-al-din-al-hindi",
  "person/safi-al-din-ardabili",
  "person/amir-khusrow",
  "person/qutb-al-din-shirazi",
  "person/kamal-al-din-ibn-al-sharishi",
  "person/ahmad-al-suhrawardi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-02",
 "connections": [
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   "to": "place/hamadan",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-rashid-al-din-hamadani-ur"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/abu-al-hayja-hamadan-593",
  "event/conquest-of-hamadan",
  "event/ibn-al-salah-rihla-601",
  "event/ibn-sina-vizier-hamadan-1015",
  "event/mongol-sweep-jibal-617",
  "event/samani-first-rihla-529",
  "event/tatars-rayy-hamadan-621",
  "person/aref-qazvini"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}