{
 "id": "person/razia-sultana",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "razia-sultana",
 "label": {
  "ar": "السلطانة رضية",
  "en": "Razia Sultana",
  "ur": "رضیہ سلطانہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "رضية سلطانة ⁦(1205 – أكتوبر 1240)⁩، ابنة السلطان شمس الدين إلتتمش، المرأة الوحيدة التي حكمت دهلي سلطانةً بنفسها. أثبتت كفاءتها حين نابت عن أبيها في دهلي أثناء حملته على گواليور سنة 1231 فعيّنها وليّة لعهده، لكن النبلاء نصبوا أخاها ركن الدين فيروز بعد وفاة أبيها سنة 1236؛ فأطاحت به بمساندة أهل دهلي وحكمت باسم جلالة الدنيا والدين، تضرب السكة باسمها وتصدّت لهجوم القرامطة على جامع دهلي سنة 1237. خلعها انقلاب سنة 1240، فقُتلت قرب كيثال بعد هزيمتها وهي تحاول استرداد عرشها مع زوجها ألتونيا.",
  "en": "Razia Sultana (1205 - October 1240), daughter of Sultan Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, was the only woman to rule Delhi as sultan in her own right. Having proved herself governing Delhi in her father's absence on the Gwalior campaign of 1231, she was designated his heir, but on his death in 1236 the nobles installed her brother Ruknuddin Firuz; the people of Delhi helped her depose him, and she reigned as Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din, striking coins in her own name and beating back the Qarmatian attack on Delhi's Jama Masjid in 1237. A coup deposed her in 1240, and she was killed near Kaithal after her defeat while trying to recover her throne alongside her husband Altunia.",
  "ur": "رضیہ سلطانہ ⁦(1205ء – اکتوبر 1240ء)⁩، سلطان شمس الدین التتمش کی بیٹی، دہلی پر اپنے حق سے بطور سلطان حکومت کرنے والی واحد خاتون تھیں۔ 1231ء میں والد کی گوالیار مہم کے دوران دہلی کی نائب رہ کر انھوں نے اپنی اہلیت ثابت کی تو والد نے انھیں ولی عہد نامزد کیا، لیکن 1236ء میں والد کی وفات پر امیروں نے ان کے بھائی رکن الدین فیروز کو بٹھا دیا؛ دہلی کے عوام کی مدد سے انھوں نے اسے معزول کیا اور جلالۃ الدنیا والدین کے نام سے حکومت کی، اپنے نام کا سکہ جاری کیا اور 1237ء میں دہلی کی جامع مسجد پر قرامطہ کے حملے کو پسپا کیا۔ 1240ء میں ایک سازش نے انھیں معزول کیا، اور شوہر التونیہ کے ساتھ تخت واپس لینے کی کوشش میں شکست کے بعد وہ کیتھل کے قریب ماری گئیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1205.0014031773412,
  "latest": 1240.8351300847748
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1205",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The English article gives c. 1205 and the Arabic and Urdu articles give 1205; the Wikidata item also gives 1205. Kept at year precision because the English article's date is circa. The year 1205 spans 601-602 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ur",
    "source/wikidata-razia-sultana"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1240-10",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "debated",
   "hijri": "0638",
   "note": "Killed in October 1240 after her defeat near Kaithal. The English article's lead and the Wikidata item give 15 October 1240, but the article's death narrative judges it more likely that she and Altunia were killed by their captors on 13 October 1240, the day after the defeat of 14 October; with the day itself contested inside the strongest text, the date is built at month precision with both days preserved. October 1240 falls in 638 AH, corroborated by the English article's own reign table (she died in 638 AH). The Arabic article dates her killing to 637 AH — a year earlier — and is not followed on this point, as flagged in its source record.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikidata-razia-sultana",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Raziyyat-ud-Dunya wa-ud-Din",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sultan Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din",
    "kind": "regnal"
   },
   {
    "value": "Razia Sultan",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Razia Sultana",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1205",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The English article gives c. 1205 and the Arabic and Urdu articles give 1205; the Wikidata item also gives 1205. Kept at year precision because the English article's date is circa. The year 1205 spans 601-602 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ur",
    "source/wikidata-razia-sultana"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1240-10",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "debated",
   "hijri": "0638",
   "note": "Killed in October 1240 after her defeat near Kaithal. The English article's lead and the Wikidata item give 15 October 1240, but the article's death narrative judges it more likely that she and Altunia were killed by their captors on 13 October 1240, the day after the defeat of 14 October; with the day itself contested inside the strongest text, the date is built at month precision with both days preserved. October 1240 falls in 638 AH, corroborated by the English article's own reign table (she died in 638 AH). The Arabic article dates her killing to 637 AH — a year earlier — and is not followed on this point, as flagged in its source record.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikidata-razia-sultana",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No text read names a school or an order for the sultana herself. The English article's religious material concerns others: the Qarmatians who attacked Delhi's Jama Masjid in 1237 are described as condemning the Hanafi and Shafi'i doctrines followed in Delhi — doctrines named for the city's worshippers, not for her — and the article records that she was a devotee of the Sufi saint Shah Turkman Bayabani, at whose hospice she is said to be buried; devotion to a saint, without attested order membership or completed discipleship, is practice and does not settle a value. The Wikidata item's religion statement of Sunni Islam is structured data, which under the founder's rules settles nothing. Her faith is therefore recorded as unknown, with the documented context stated here in full.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
     "source/wikidata-razia-sultana"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q465076"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
   "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ur",
   "source/wikidata-razia-sultana"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Razia Sultan' (revision 1377898262 of 1 October 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'السلطانة رضية' (revision 73315590 of 5 February 2026), Urdu Wikipedia 'رضیہ سلطانہ' (revision 11801139 of 18 August 2026) and Wikidata Q465076 (item revision 2559599733 of 21 October 2026, re-asserted identical on a second live query), all fetched live in-session on 1 November 2026, the QID grounded from each article's own page property. Existence checked against origin/main before building, by slug variants and by QID: no record exists for her. Queue check: the queue's 1205-1240 is confirmed on both years; the death date is built at month precision because the English article is internally split between 15 and 13 October 1240, as preserved in the died note, and the Arabic article's 637 AH dating is flagged in its source record. The child_of edge to person/iltutmish is written HERE, in the child's record, per the founder's one-write rule, on two article texts (English and Arabic), and person/iltutmish is built in this same wave. No successor_of is written (her predecessor Ruknuddin Firuz has no record on origin/main) and no spouse edge (Malik Altunia has no record).",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-180m"
  },
  "importance": 2,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "السلطانة رضية ⁦(1205 – أكتوبر 1240)⁩، واسمها الكامل رضيّة الدنيا والدين، هي ابنة السلطان شمس الدين إلتتمش والمرأة الوحيدة التي حكمت دهلي سلطانةً بنفسها. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} وقد سمّاها أبوها وليّة لعهده لما أثبتت من كفاءة في نيابتها عنه بدهلي، لكن النبلاء تخطّوها بعد وفاته، فلم تلبث أن اعتلت العرش بمساندة أهل دهلي وحكمت باسم جلالة الدنيا والدين من 1236 إلى 1240. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} وعلى سكّتها يظهر لقبها «بنت السلطان» شاهدًا على شرعية حكمها المستندة إلى أبيها. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ولاية العهد والوصول إلى العرش",
     "markdown": "حين خرج إلتتمش في حملته على گواليور سنة 1231 ترك ابنته رضية نائبة عنه في دهلي، فأدارت العاصمة بكفاءة جعلت أباها يعيّنها وليّة لعهده. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} وبعد وفاة أبيها في 30 أبريل 1236 نصب النبلاء أخاها ركن الدين فيروز، فاستبدّ بالحكم وانغمس في اللهو حتى ضاق به الناس. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} فخرجت رضية إلى أهل دهلي تطلب نصرتهم، فأطاحوا بركن الدين ونصّبوها سلطانة، وضربت السكة باسمها ولقبها جلالة الدنيا والدين. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} وكانت والدتها تركان خاتون ابنة قطب الدين أيبك، فجمعت رضية في نسبها بيتي أيبك وإلتتمش. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حكمها",
     "markdown": "حكمت رضية دهلي أربع سنوات واجهت فيها مؤامرات أمراء الأربعين الذين لم يرضوا بحكم امرأة. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} وفي سنة 1237 هاجم القرامطة الجامع الكبير في دهلي يوم الجمعة، فتصدّى لهم أهل المدينة وقواتها وردّوهم. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} ويروى أنها كانت من مريدي الشيخ الصوفي شاه تركمان بياباني، ويقال إنها دُفنت عند خانقاهه، وهو انتساب ودّي لا يسمّي طريقة صوفية لها. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} ولا تسمّي النصوص المقروءة مذهبًا فقهيًا للسلطانة نفسها؛ فالمذاهب المذكورة في أخبار هجوم القرامطة هي مذاهب أهل دهلي الذين أنكرها المهاجمون. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "خلعها ومقتلها",
     "markdown": "في سنة 1240 ثار عليها مالك ألتونيا حاكم باتهندا، فخرجت لقتاله فأسرها النبلاء المتآمرون ونصّبوا أخاها معز الدين بهرام سلطانًا. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} ثم تزوجت ألتونيا وجمعت معه جيشًا لاسترداد عرشها، فهُزما قرب كيثال في 14 أكتوبر 1240. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} وقُتلت رضية وألتونيا بعد الهزيمة: تجعل المقالة الإنجليزية وفاتها في صدرها في 15 أكتوبر 1240، وترجّح في سردها أنهما قُتلا بيد آسريهما في 13 أكتوبر، فبُني تاريخ وفاتها هنا على مستوى الشهر مع حفظ القولين. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikidata-razia-sultana} ويوافق أكتوبر 1240 سنة 638 هـ، بينما تؤرخ المقالة العربية مقتلها بسنة 637 هـ، وهو قول منفرد لم يُتّبع. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/razia-sultana",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-06"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Razia Sultana (1205 - October 1240), whose full name was Raziyyat-ud-Dunya wa-ud-Din, was the daughter of Sultan Shams ud-Din Iltutmish and the only woman to rule Delhi as sultan in her own right. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} Her father designated her his heir after she proved her ability governing Delhi in his absence, but the nobles passed her over on his death; with the help of the people of Delhi she soon took the throne and reigned as Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din from 1236 to 1240. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} Her coins style her \"bint al-Sultan\" (daughter of the Sultan), a witness to the legitimacy of her rule resting on her father. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Designation as heir and accession",
     "markdown": "When Iltutmish campaigned against Gwalior in 1231 he left his daughter Razia as his deputy in Delhi, and she administered the capital so capably that he appointed her his heir. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} After her father's death on 30 April 1236 the nobles installed her brother Ruknuddin Firuz, whose misrule and dissipation soon alienated the people. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} Razia appealed to the people of Delhi, who deposed Ruknuddin and installed her as sultan; she struck coins in her own name and with her title Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} Her mother Turkan Khatun was a daughter of Qutb ud-Din Aibak, so Razia united in her descent the houses of Aibak and Iltutmish. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Her reign",
     "markdown": "Razia ruled Delhi for four years, facing the conspiracies of the officers of the Forty who would not accept a woman's rule. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} In 1237 the Qarmatians attacked Delhi's great congregational mosque during the Friday prayer, and the city's people and her forces beat them back. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} She is related to have been a devotee of the Sufi saint Shah Turkman Bayabani, at whose hospice she is said to be buried — a devotion of attachment that names no Sufi order for her. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} The texts read name no legal school (madhhab) for the sultana herself either; the schools mentioned in the account of the Qarmatian attack are those of the people of Delhi, which the attackers condemned. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Deposition and death",
     "markdown": "In 1240 Malik Altunia, governor of Bathinda, rebelled against her; she marched against him, but the conspiring nobles seized her and installed her brother Muiz ud-Din Bahram as sultan. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} She then married Altunia and raised an army with him to recover her throne, but they were defeated near Kaithal on 14 October 1240. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} Razia and Altunia were killed after the defeat: the English article's lead dates her death to 15 October 1240, while its narrative judges it more likely that their captors killed them on 13 October, so her death date is built here at month precision with both readings preserved. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikidata-razia-sultana} October 1240 corresponds to 638 AH, while the Arabic article dates her killing to 637 AH, a lone reading that is not followed. {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/razia-sultana",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "رضیہ سلطانہ (1205ء – اکتوبر 1240ء)، جن کا پورا نام رضیۃ الدنیا والدین تھا، سلطان شمس الدین التتمش کی بیٹی اور دہلی پر اپنے حق سے بطور سلطان حکومت کرنے والی واحد خاتون تھیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} والد نے دہلی کی نیابت میں ان کی اہلیت دیکھ کر انھیں ولی عہد نامزد کیا، لیکن وفات پر امیروں نے بھائی رکن الدین فیروز کو بٹھا دیا؛ دہلی کے عوام کی مدد سے رضیہ نے اسے معزول کیا اور جلالۃ الدنیا والدین کے لقب سے 1236ء تا 1240ء حکومت کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar} {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} ان کے سکوں پر «بنت السلطان» کا لقب ان کی حکومت کی سند تھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زندگی",
     "markdown": "1237ء میں قرامطہ نے دہلی کی جامع مسجد پر جمعہ کی نماز کے وقت حملہ کیا جسے شہر کے لوگوں اور ان کی افواج نے پسپا کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} 1240ء میں بھٹنڈہ کے حاکم ملک التونیہ نے بغاوت کی؛ رضیہ کو سازشی امیروں نے گرفتار کر لیا اور بھائی معز الدین بہرام کو سلطان بنا دیا گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} رضیہ نے التونیہ سے شادی کر کے تخت واپس لینے کی کوشش کی، مگر 14 اکتوبر 1240ء کو کیتھل کے قریب شکست ہوئی اور وہ ماری گئیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} انگریزی مضمون کی سرخی 15 اکتوبر دیتی ہے جبکہ اس کا متن 13 اکتوبر کو زیادہ قرینِ قیاس کہتا ہے، اس لیے یہاں وفات مہینے کی درستگی پر درج ہے؛ اکتوبر 1240ء، 638ھ کے مطابق ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-razia-sultana-en} {cite:wikidata-razia-sultana}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/razia-sultana",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-munim-ibn-al-faras",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-qudama",
  "person/abd-al-salam-ibn-taymiyya",
  "person/abd-al-wahid-al-marrakushi",
  "person/abu-al-abbas-al-qurti",
  "person/abu-al-hajjaj-al-biyasi",
  "person/abu-al-hasan-al-shadhili",
  "person/abu-ali-al-shalubin",
  "person/abu-bakr-ibn-qawam",
  "person/abu-shama-al-dimashqi",
  "person/ahmad-al-badawi",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-umar-al-qurtubi-mufhim"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-10",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/iltutmish",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/delhi",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "low",
   "note": "The only place named in the record; specific residence or role there is assumed from context but not separately documented.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-en",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-razia-sultana-ur",
    "source/wikidata-razia-sultana"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/iltutmish",
  "place/delhi",
  "building/afsarwala-tomb",
  "building/afsarwali-masjid-delhi",
  "building/begumpur-mosque",
  "building/isa-khan-mosque-delhi",
  "building/jami-masjid-firuzabad-delhi",
  "building/kalan-masjid-delhi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}