{ "id": "person/rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "class": "person", "slug": "rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "label": { "ar": "رضاء الدين فخر الدين", "en": "Rizaeddin bin Fakhraddin", "ur": "رضاء الدين فخر الدين" }, "summary": { "ar": "عالم ومؤلف تتري وباشكيري (1859–1936)، من أكثر كتّاب حركة الجديد إنتاجًا. كان قاضيًا في الإدارة الدينية للمسلمين بأوفا منذ 1891، وحرّر صحيفة «وقت» وأسس مجلة «شورى» (1908–1918)، وصار مفتي روسيا الأوروبية من مطلع عشرينيات القرن العشرين حتى وفاته، وأشهر أعماله مصنّف التراجم «آثار».", "en": "Tatar and Bashkir scholar and publicist (1859–1936), one of the most productive authors of the Jadid movement. A qadi of the Muslim religious administration at Ufa from 1891, he edited the newspaper Waqt and founded the journal Shura (1908–1918), and was mufti of European Russia from the early 1920s until his death; his best-known work is the biographical compendium Asar.", "ur": "تاتاری اور باشقیر عالم اور مصنف (1859–1936)، تحریکِ جدید کے سب سے زیادہ لکھنے والے مصنفین میں سے ایک۔ 1891 سے اوفا کی مسلم دینی انتظامیہ کے قاضی رہے، اخبار «وقت» کے مدیر اور مجلہ «شورا» (1908–1918) کے بانی، اور 1920 کی دہائی کے اوائل سے وفات تک یورپی روس کے مفتی؛ ان کا مشہور ترین کام سوانحی مجموعہ «آثار» ہے۔" }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "anatolia-balkans" ], "periods": [], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "span": { "earliest": 1859.0326290067558, "latest": 1936.279937301898 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "1859-01-13", "hijri": "1275", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "Born at the village of Kichuchat in Samara gouvernement (now in Tatarstan), the son of the village mullah. The day and year are split across the sources and no reading is followed silently. The Arabic and Urdu articles both give 13 January 1859; the English article's lead gives 12 January 1858, and the monographic literature follows the earlier year in places (Türkoğlu's study is titled with the dates 1858–1936); Wikidata carries 4 January 1859. The record follows 13 January 1859, the reading of two articles, at day precision and marked debated; the queue also gives 1859. The Hijri year 1275 is the tabular conversion of 13 January 1859. The museum has no place entity for Kichuchat, so no born_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en", "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin" ] }, "end": { "edtf": "1936-04-12", "hijri": "1355", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "Died at Ufa on 12 April 1936, per the Arabic and Urdu articles (the Urdu article adds that he was buried on 15 April in the city's Muslim cemetery). Wikidata carries two death values, 11 and 12 April 1936; the record follows 12 April with the articles and the second value is stated here. The Hijri year 1355 is the tabular conversion. The museum has no place entity for Ufa, so no died_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur", "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin" ] } }, "data": { "names": [ { "value": "Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Ризаэтдин Фәхретдин", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Ризаитдин Фахретдинович Фахретдинов", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "رضاء الدين فخر الدين", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Rizaeddin bin Fakhraddin", "kind": "alternate" }, { "value": "Rizaetdin Fäxretdin", "kind": "alternate" } ], "gender": "male", "roles": [ "scholar", "writer", "editor" ], "born": { "edtf": "1859-01-13", "hijri": "1275", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "Born at the village of Kichuchat in Samara gouvernement (now in Tatarstan), the son of the village mullah. The day and year are split across the sources and no reading is followed silently. The Arabic and Urdu articles both give 13 January 1859; the English article's lead gives 12 January 1858, and the monographic literature follows the earlier year in places (Türkoğlu's study is titled with the dates 1858–1936); Wikidata carries 4 January 1859. The record follows 13 January 1859, the reading of two articles, at day precision and marked debated; the queue also gives 1859. The Hijri year 1275 is the tabular conversion of 13 January 1859. The museum has no place entity for Kichuchat, so no born_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en", "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1936-04-12", "hijri": "1355", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "Died at Ufa on 12 April 1936, per the Arabic and Urdu articles (the Urdu article adds that he was buried on 15 April in the city's Muslim cemetery). Wikidata carries two death values, 11 and 12 April 1936; the record follows 12 April with the articles and the second value is stated here. The Hijri year 1355 is the tabular conversion. The museum has no place entity for Ufa, so no died_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur", "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin" ] }, "faith": [ { "value": "unknown", "basis": "unknown", "note": "Wikidata's only religion value is Islam (Q432), generic, and no article names a school for him. He served the empire's Muslim religious administration (the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly, the Sobranie) as qadi from 1891 and as mufti of European Russia from the early 1920s; those are offices within an institution of the Hanafi milieu, not a personal attestation of a school, and his Jadid reformism is a movement affiliation. Under the two-source rule and the doubt rule his faith is recorded unknown, with the readings preserved here.", "sources": [ "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur" ] } ], "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q4481567" }, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar", "source/wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur", "source/wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin" ], "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "English Wikipedia 'Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin' (revision 1371547546), Arabic Wikipedia 'رضاء الدين فخر الدين' (revision 73914856) and Urdu Wikipedia 'رضاء الدين فخر الدين' (revision 8514523), read on 26 October 2026, with Wikidata item Q4481567. The queue gives his years as 1859–1936: the death year is confirmed by all sources and the birth year by two articles and Wikidata against the English article's 1858, with the day readings and Wikidata's split death values preserved in the date notes. His faith is left unknown under the two-source rule, as the faith note sets out in full.", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)", "run": "century-additions-31" }, "status": { "review": "published", "completeness": 3, "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "رضاء الدين بن فخر الدين (1859–1936) عالم ومؤلف تتري وباشكيري، من أكثر كتّاب حركة الجديد — حركة الإصلاح الإسلامي في روسيا القيصرية — إنتاجًا. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} انتُخب قاضيًا في الإدارة الدينية للمسلمين سنة 1891، ثم حرّر صحيفة «وقت»، وأسس مجلة «شورى» أطول المجلات التترية عمرًا في الإمبراطورية، وبعد الثورة صار مفتي روسيا الأوروبية حتى وفاته. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} وأشهر أعماله مصنّف التراجم «آثار»، وما يزال مرجعًا أمثل لبعض علماء آسيا الوسطى الذين ترجم لهم. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\nمولده منقسم في المصادر نفسها، والمتحف يعرض القراءات ولا يذيبها: فالمقالتان العربية والأردية تعطيان 13 يناير 1859 في قرية كيجوتشات بمقاطعة سمارة، وصدر المقالة الإنجليزية يعطي 12 يناير 1858، وويكي بيانات تعطي 4 يناير 1859، وتظهر الأدبيات المتخصصة بتواريخ 1858–1936 في عناوينها نفسها. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin} واتبع السجل 13 يناير 1859 ووصفه بأنه «متنازع عليه». {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar}" }, { "heading": "المسيرة", "markdown": "وُلد ابنًا لملّا قرية كيجوتشات، ودرس في كتّاب قريته الذي كان أبوه يديره ثم في مدرسة قرية چلشلي المجاورة، حيث درّس بنفسه الصفوف الدنيا لاحقًا. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} وتذكر المقالة الأردية أنه دخل في صباه مدرسة جستوپول، وسافر سنة 1886 إلى قازان فالتقى المؤرخ وعالم الدين شهاب الدين مرجاني، وفي صيف 1888 التقى جمال الدين الأفغاني في بطرسبرغ؛ وكان يعد مرجاني والأفغاني وإسماعيل غسبرينسكي مرشديه الروحيين. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} وتذكر المقالة الإنجليزية كذلك أنه درس مدة في جامع مرجاني والتقى الأفغاني في رحلة إلى بطرسبرغ. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\nصار في الثلاثين ملّا ومدير مدرسة في قرية إلبك، وفي سنة 1891 انتُخب قاضيًا — عضوًا في الإدارة الدينية الروسية للمسلمين (الجمع) — وانتقل إلى مقرها في أوفا حيث أدار أرشيفها الواسع. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وفي ثورة 1905 قدم لمفتي الجمع برنامج إصلاح واسع تضمن توسيع مسؤوليتها لتشمل مسلمي القازاق، فرفضته الحكومة الروسية. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وفي 1906 تقاعد من المنصب الديني وصار محرر صحيفة «وقت» في أورنبورغ، وصار في هذه الفترة صديقًا مقربًا لموسى جار الله بيغييف. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وفي 1908 بدأ نشر مجلة «شورى» وحرّرها حتى أغلقتها السلطة السوفيتية سنة 1918. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur}\n\nبعد وفاة المفتي غليمجان بارودي في 6 ديسمبر 1921 تولى منصب المفتي في الإدارة الدينية، وفي 10 يوليو 1923 انتُخب مفتيًا رسميًا وبقي حتى وفاته. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} وتؤرخ المقالة الإنجليزية عودته إلى المنصب الديني بسنة 1921 وتصفه بأنه مفتي روسيا الأوروبية حتى وفاته سنة 1936، وتضيف أنه تجنب التعاون مع السوفيت ما استطاع. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} توفي في أوفا في 12 أبريل 1936 ودُفن في مقبرة المدينة الإسلامية؛ وتحمل ويكي بيانات أيضًا قيمة 11 أبريل، فيذكرها السجل ولا يتبعها. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "الأعمال", "markdown": "كان مؤلفًا غزير الإنتاج، كتب أكثر من ستين كتابًا، إلى جانب النصوص الصحفية والأعمال التربوية والمقالات في أحوال مسلمي روسيا وفي قضايا كتعليم النساء وسياسة الأسرة. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وأهم أعماله طبعة التراجم في مجلدين لعلماء آسيا الوسطى، «آثار» مع «مشهور إرلر» (مشاهير الرجال)، وقد كتبه أثناء عمله في أرشيف الإدارة الدينية للمسلمين؛ وله مجلد مصاحب في مشاهير النساء (مشهور خاتونلر). {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وانتقد في مقاله سنة 1906 «حاجات مسلمي روسيا ونقدها» مطالبَ العلماء الإصلاحية الموجهة إلى الحكام الروس لغناها بالعموميات. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وتعدد المقالة العربية مؤلفات تترية له منها سيرة للإمام الغزالي وشرح على «جوامع الكلم». {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar}" }, { "heading": "المواقف والنقد", "markdown": "هذا القسم يعرض المواقف كما ترويها المصادر، وليس حكمًا من المتحف.\n\n**الإصلاح داخل الإسلام.** بحسب آزادا-عائشة رورليخ كما تنقل المقالة الإنجليزية، كانت أهمية التعليم في تجاوز الفقر وإمكان المصالحة بين الإسلام والعلم محورين في رؤيته للعالم؛ وكان يرى صعود الأمم وسقوطها مرتبطين مباشرة بمنظومات معتقداتها، وأن نبذ الخرافة والعودة إلى بدايات الإسلام ضروريان لنهضة إسلامية. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} وانتقد أيضًا عمل ابن خلّكان التاريخي لتركيزه على أفعال الحكام، وسعى بدلًا من ذلك إلى تكريم أفعال المسلمين العاديين في كتبه. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\n**مناصبه وديانته.** كانت قضاؤه ومفتيته منصبين في الإدارة الدينية للمسلمين في الإمبراطورية ثم في العهد السوفيتي، وهي مؤسسة ذات بيئة حنفية؛ ويسجل المتحف المناصب وقائعَ في مسيرته لا شهادة على مدرسة شخصية، وإذ لا يسمّي أي مصدر مدرسة له سُجلت ديانته في سجل بياناته «غير معروفة». {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "المراجع", "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، مسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تكون مراجعات هذه المقالة مؤرخة، وأن تسمي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-26" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin (1859–1936) was a Tatar and Bashkir scholar and publicist, and one of the most productive authors of the Jadid movement, the Islamic reform movement of the Russian Empire. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} Elected a qadi of the empire's Muslim religious administration in 1891, he went on to edit the newspaper Waqt, to found the journal Shura — the longest-lived Tatar periodical of the empire — and, after the revolution, to serve as mufti of European Russia until his death. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} His most important work is the biographical compendium Asar, and on some of the Central Asian scholars it depicts his work remains the best source. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\nHis birth is split across the sources themselves, and the museum states the readings rather than smoothing them over: the Arabic and Urdu articles give 13 January 1859 at the village of Kichuchat in Samara gouvernement, the English article's lead gives 12 January 1858, Wikidata gives 4 January 1859, and monographic literature appears with the dates 1858–1936 in its very titles. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin} The record follows 13 January 1859, marked debated. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar}" }, { "heading": "Career", "markdown": "He was born the son of the mullah of Kichuchat, studied at the village kuttab his father led and then at the madrasa in the neighbouring village of Chelsheli (Nizhniye Chershily), where he later taught the junior classes himself. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} The Urdu article records that he went to Chistopol madrasa as a boy, travelled to Kazan in 1886 and met the historian and theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani, and in the summer of 1888 met Jamal al-Din al-Afghani in St Petersburg; he counted Marjani, al-Afghani and Ismail Gasprinsky as his spiritual mentors. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} The English article likewise notes that he studied at the Märcani mosque for some time and met al-Afghani during a journey to St Petersburg. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\nAt the age of 30 he became mullah and head of the madrasa in the village of Ilbek, and in 1891 he was elected qadi — a member of the Russian religious administration for Muslims (the Sobranie) — and moved to its seat at Ufa, where he administered the agency's extensive archive. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} During the Revolution of 1905 he submitted an extensive reform programme to the muftis of the Sobranie, including the extension of its responsibility over the Kazakh Muslims; the Russian government refused it. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} In 1906 he retired from religious office and became editor of the Orenburg newspaper Waqt, becoming in this period a close friend of Musa Bigiev. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} In 1908 he began publishing Shura, which he edited until the Soviet authorities closed it in 1918. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur}\n\nAfter the death of the mufti Galimjan Barudi on 6 December 1921 he took up the mufti's office in the religious administration, and on 10 July 1923 he was formally elected mufti, serving until his death. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} The English article dates his return to religious office to 1921 and describes him as mufti of European Russia until he died in 1936, adding that he avoided cooperating with the Soviets as much as possible. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} He died at Ufa on 12 April 1936 and was buried in the city's Muslim cemetery; Wikidata also carries an 11 April value, which the record states without following. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "Works", "markdown": "He was an extremely productive author, writing more than sixty books, besides journalistic texts, pedagogical works and essays on the situation of Muslims in Russia and on debates such as women's education and family politics. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} His most important work is the two-volume edition of biographies of Central Asian scholars, Asar together with Meshhur Irler (\"Famous People\"), which he wrote while working at the archive of the Muslim religious administration; a companion volume treats famous women (Meshhur Khatunlar). {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} His essay of 1906, \"The Needs of the Russian Muslims and a Critique of Them\", criticised the reform demands of the ulama addressed to the Russian rulers as too vague. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} The Arabic article lists Tatar works including a life of al-Ghazali and a commentary on Jawami' al-kalim. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar}" }, { "heading": "Positions and criticism", "markdown": "This section sets out positions as reported in the sources; it is not a verdict by the museum.\n\n**Reform within Islam.** According to Azade-Ayşe Rorlich, as reported by the English article, the importance of education for overcoming poverty and the possibility of reconciling Islam and science were central to his worldview; he saw the rise and fall of nations as directly connected to their belief systems and held that a renunciation of superstition and a return to the beginnings of Islam were necessary for a Muslim renaissance. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} He also criticised the historical work of Ibn Khallikan for concentrating on the doings of rulers, and tried instead to honour the deeds of ordinary Muslims in his books. {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\n**His offices and his faith.** His qadi service and his muftiate were offices of the empire's, and then the Soviet-era, Muslim religious administration, an institution of the Hanafi milieu; the museum records the offices as facts of his career, not as an attestation of a personal school, and since no source names a school for him his faith is recorded as unknown in his data record. {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "Sources", "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-26" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "خلاصہ", "markdown": "رضاء الدين بن فخر الدين (1859–1936) تاتاری اور باشقیر عالم اور مصنف تھے، اور روسی سلطنت کی جدید تحریک کے سب سے زیادہ لکھنے والوں میں سے ایک۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} 1891 میں مسلمانوں کی دینی انتظامیہ کے قاضی منتخب ہوئے، اخبار «وقت» کے مدیر اور مجلہ «شورا» کے بانی (1908–1918) رہے، اور انقلاب کے بعد اپنی وفات تک یورپی روس کے مفتی رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} ان کا مشہور ترین کام سوانحی مجموعہ «آثار» ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}\n\nان کی پیدائش مآخذ میں منقسم ہے: عربی اور اردو مقالے 13 جنوری 1859 (گاؤں کیچوچٹ، صوبہ سمارا) دیتے ہیں، انگریزی مقالے کا صدر 12 جنوری 1858، وکی ڈیٹا 4 جنوری 1859، اور خصوصی ادب کے عنوانات میں 1858–1936 بھی آتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin} ریکارڈ 13 جنوری 1859 کو متنازع درج کر کے اختیار کرتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ar}" }, { "heading": "زندگی و کیریئر", "markdown": "وہ کیچوچٹ کے ملاں کے بیٹے تھے؛ اپنے والد کے کتّاب اور پڑوسی گاؤں چلشلی کے مدرسے میں پڑھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} اردو مقالہ بتاتا ہے کہ وہ بچپن میں چستوپول مدرسہ گئے، 1886 میں قازان جا کر شہاب الدين مرجانی سے ملے، اور 1888 میں پیٹرزبرگ میں جمال الدين افغانی سے ملاقات کی؛ وہ مرجانی، افغانی اور اسماعیل غسبرینسکی کو اپنے روحانی مرشد سمجھتے تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} تیس برس کی عمر میں البیک گاؤں کے ملاں اور مدرسے کے سربراہ بنے، اور 1891 میں قاضی منتخب ہو کر اوفا منتقل ہوئے جہاں انہوں نے دینی انتظامیہ کے آرکائیو کو مرتب کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} 1905 میں انہوں نے اصلاحی پروگرام پیش کیا جسے روسی حکومت نے رد کر دیا؛ 1906 میں «وقت» کے مدیر بنے اور موسیٰ بیگی کے قریبی دوست ہوئے؛ 1908 میں «شورا» جاری کیا جو 1918 میں سوویت حکومت نے بند کر دیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur}\n\nمفتی غلیمجان بڑودی کی وفات (6 دسمبر 1921) کے بعد وہ مفتی کے منصب پر فائز ہوئے اور 10 جولائی 1923 کو باضابطہ مفتی منتخب ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} 12 اپریل 1936 کو اوفا میں وفات پائی اور شہر کے مسلم قبرستان میں دفن ہوئے؛ وکی ڈیٹا میں 11 اپریل کی قدر بھی ہے جسے ریکارڈ درج کرتا ہے مگر اختیار نہیں کرتا۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-ur} {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "کام", "markdown": "انہوں نے ساٹھ سے زیادہ کتابیں لکھیں؛ اہم ترین «آثار» اور «مشہور ارلر» ہیں — وسطی ایشیا کے علما کی سوانح کے دو جلدوں والے مجموعے جو انہوں نے دینی انتظامیہ کے آرکائیو میں کام کے دوران لکھے — اور «مشہور خاتونلر» خواتین کی سوانح پر ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en}" }, { "heading": "موقف و نقد", "markdown": "یہ قسم مآخذ کی روایت کردہ مواقف پیش کرتا ہے؛ یہ عجائب گھر کا فیصلہ نہیں۔\n\nرورلیخ کے حوالے سے انگریزی مقالہ بتاتا ہے کہ تعلیم کے ذریعے غربت پر قابو، اسلام اور سائنس کی مصالحت، خرافات کا ترک اور اسلام کی ابتداء کی طرف رجعت ان کی فکر کے محور تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin-en} ان کا قاضی اور مفتی ہونا حنفی ماحول کی دینی انتظامیہ کے مناصب تھے، شخصی مکتب کی شہادت نہیں؛ کوئی ماخذ ان کے لیے مکتب کا نام نہیں لیتا، اس لیے ان کا مذہب ریکارڈ میں «نامعلوم» درج ہے۔ {cite:wikidata-rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin}" }, { "heading": "مآخذ", "markdown": "- اوپر مذکور معرّف مآخذ، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر نظرِ ثانی مؤرخ ہو اور ہر تبدیلی کا ماخذ نامزد کرے۔" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/rizaeddin-bin-fakhraddin", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-26" } }, "degree": 0, "contemporaries": [ "person/abdurreshid-ibrahim", "person/alladiya-khan", "person/jamaat-ali-shah", "person/leyla-saz", "person/turangzai-haji-saheb", "person/meher-ali-shah", "person/muhammad-bakhit-mutii", "person/badreddin-al-hasani", "person/togolok-moldo", "person/musa-al-husayni", "person/yahya-dowlatabadi", "person/ibrahim-njoya" ], "updated": "2026-10-26", "connections": [], "related": [], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }