{
 "id": "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "رقية بنت محمد",
  "en": "Ruqayya bint Muhammad"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ابنة النبي وزوج عثمان بن عفان، هاجرت معه إلى الحبشة ثم إلى المدينة؛ مرضت عند خروج النبي إلى بدر فتخلف عثمان عليها، وتوفيت يوم وصل زيد بن حارثة بخبر النصر.",
  "en": "A daughter of the Prophet and wife of Uthman ibn Affan; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia and then to Medina, fell ill as the Prophet set out for Badr, and died the day Zayd ibn Haritha arrived with the news of the victory."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 624.1626453657502,
  "latest": 624.2475204829352
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0624-03",
   "hijri": "0002-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ماتت يوم وصول زيد بن حارثة مبشراً بوقعة بدر؛ وقيل: وصل لما دُفنت.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "رقية بنت محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب الهاشمية"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0624-03",
   "hijri": "0002-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ماتت يوم وصول زيد بن حارثة مبشراً بوقعة بدر؛ وقيل: وصل لما دُفنت.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "مذكورة في الإصابة ترجمة رقم 11224 (ص 1872).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "ذُكرت في كتب الصحابة؛ تُسجَّل ضمن الإطار السني للمتحف (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة، ترجمة 11224، ص 1872 (تراجم النساء)",
   "generated_by": "Claude (maintainer session)",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "isaba-women-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hajar-isaba",
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; read from al-Isaba (column-aware OCR, page 1872, entry 11224)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "[[person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad|رقية]] بنت [[person/muhammad|النبي]] وزوج [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|عثمان بن عفان]] وأم ابنه عبد الله {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ترتيب بنات النبي",
     "markdown": "ينقل ابن حجر عن أبي عمر أنه لا يعرف خلافاً في أن زينب أكبر بنات النبي، وأن الخلاف في رقية وفاطمة وأم كلثوم، والأكثر على هذا الترتيب {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}. ويذكر نقلاً عن الجرجاني أن رقية أصغرهن، وقيل: فاطمة أصغرهن {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "زواجها",
     "markdown": "كانت رقية أولاً عند عتبة بن أبي لهب، فلما بُعث النبي أمر [[person/abu-lahab|أبو لهب]] ابنه بطلاقها فتزوجها عثمان {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}. وقال ابن هشام: تزوج عثمان رقية وهاجر بها إلى الحبشة، فولدت له عبد الله هناك فكان يكنى به {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}. أما قول قتادة إنها لم تلد له فيصفه أبو عمر بأنه غلط، ويرجح أن قتادة أراد أختها أم كلثوم {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}.\n\nويقول ابن سعد إنها بايعت رسول الله هي وأخواتها {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاتها",
     "markdown": "مرضت رقية بالمدينة لما خرج النبي إلى [[event/battle-of-badr|بدر]] فتخلّف عليها عثمان عن بدر، فماتت يوم وصل زيد بن حارثة مبشراً بوقعة بدر؛ وقيل: وصل لما دُفنت {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}.\n\nيروي ابن سعد عن ابن عباس أن النبي قال حين ماتت: «الحقي بسلفنا عثمان بن مظعون»، فبكى النساء وجاء عمر يضربهن، فقال النبي: «مهما يكن من العين ومن القلب فمن الله والرحمة، ومهما يكن من اليد واللسان فمن الشيطان». ويعلّق الواقدي بأن هذا وهم، ولعلها غيرها من بناته، لأن الثابت أن رقية ماتت ببدر {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "رواية ضعيفة عن الهجرة إلى الحبشة",
     "markdown": "أخرج ابن منده بسند واهٍ عن أسماء بنت أبي بكر قصة هجرة عثمان ورقية. ويقول ابن حجر إن في هذا السياق نكارة، وإن الذي عليه أهل السير أن عثمان رجع إلى مكة من الحبشة ثم هاجر بأهله إلى المدينة {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1872}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "[[person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad|Ruqayya]], daughter of [[person/muhammad|the Prophet]], wife of [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|Uthman ibn Affan]] and mother of his son Abdullah {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The order of the Prophet's daughters",
     "markdown": "Ibn Hajar conveys from Abu Umar that he knows no disagreement that Zaynab is the eldest of the Prophet's daughters, the dispute being over Ruqayya, Fatima and Umm Kulthum — the majority holding this order {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}. He mentions, citing al-Jurjani, that Ruqayya was the youngest of them; or it is said Fatima was {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Her marriage",
     "markdown": "Ruqayya was first under Utba ibn Abi Lahab; when the Prophet was sent, [[person/abu-lahab|Abu Lahab]] ordered his son to divorce her, and Uthman married her {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}. Ibn Hisham said: Uthman married Ruqayya and emigrated with her to Abyssinia, where she bore him Abdullah — by whom he took his kunya {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}. As for Qatada's claim she bore him no child, Abu Umar calls it an error, judging Qatada meant her sister Umm Kulthum {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}.\n\nIbn Sa'd says she pledged to the Messenger of God, she and her sisters {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Her death",
     "markdown": "Ruqayya fell ill in Medina when the Prophet went out to [[event/battle-of-badr|Badr]], and Uthman stayed behind from Badr for her; she died the day Zayd ibn Haritha arrived bringing tidings of Badr — or it is said, he arrived as she was being buried {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}.\n\nIbn Sa'd relates from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet said when she died: \"join our forerunner Uthman ibn Maz'un\" — and the women wept, and Umar came striking them, so the Prophet said: \"whatever comes from the eye and the heart is from God and mercy; whatever comes from the hand and the tongue is from Satan\". Al-Waqidi comments this is an error — perhaps it was another of his daughters — since the established fact is that Ruqayya died at Badr {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "A weak account of the Abyssinian emigration",
     "markdown": "Ibn Manda narrated with a feeble chain, from Asma' bint Abi Bakr, a story of Uthman's and Ruqayya's emigration. Ibn Hajar says this context contains nkara (objectionable matter), and that the position of the sira scholars is that Uthman returned to Mecca from Abyssinia, then emigrated with his family to Medina {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1872}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/abu-lahab",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/aisha"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fatima",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/return-of-abyssinian-emigrants",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "emigrant",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/aksum",
   "type": "traveled_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "أرض الحبشة",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "مع زوجها في أول بيت هاجر بعد إبراهيم ولوط",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/fatima",
  "person/khadija",
  "person/umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad",
  "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad",
  "place/mecca",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "event/second-migration-to-abyssinia"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}