{
 "id": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "safiyya-bint-huyayy",
 "label": {
  "en": "Safiyya bint Huyayy",
  "ar": "صفية بنت حيي"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A woman of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir who was taken captive at Khaybar, then freed and married to the Prophet, becoming one of the Mothers of the Believers.",
  "ar": "امرأة من قبيلة بني النضير اليهودية، أُسرت في خيبر ثم أعتقها النبي وتزوجها فصارت من أمهات المؤمنين."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women",
  "islam-and-judaism",
  "converts-and-leavers"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 609.9994524185986,
  "latest": 671.0000205342708
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0610~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Approximate.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0670~",
   "hijri": "0050~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Reports differ between 50 and 52 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "صفية بنت حيي بن أخطب"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0610~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Approximate.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0670~",
   "hijri": "0050~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Reports differ between 50 and 52 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "victim",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0628-06~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0628-06~"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Her father and husband were killed in the defeat of Khaybar and she was taken captive.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Freed and married to the Prophet; her embracing Islam is reported by the tradition.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0632"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "jewish",
    "basis": "documented",
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    }
   },
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0628~"
    },
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina",
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "صفية بنت حيي ابنة حيي بن أخطب سيد [[group/banu-nadir|بني النضير]] اليهودي. سُبيت يوم سقطت خيبر سنة 628م، فأُعتقت وتزوجها النبي، في واحدة من أدق العبورات في الجماعة الأولى."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "وُلدت نحو سنة 610م، ونشأت بين بني النضير، القبيلة اليهودية المُجلّاة من المدينة إلى واحة [[place/khaybar|خيبر]] {cite:watt-1956-medina}. ولما سقطت خيبر في [[event/battle-of-khaybar|غزوة خيبر]] — وكان أبوها قد قُتل قبل ذلك، وزوجها أُعدم بعد الصلح — أُتي بها أسيرة إلى [[person/muhammad|محمد]] {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nتذكر المصادر أن النبي أعتقها وتزوجها وكان عتقها صداقها، وأنها أسلمت. وصارت بالمدينة واحدة من أمهات المؤمنين، وتوفيت نحو سنة 670م {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "تقف حياة صفية على التماس بين جماعتين: يهودية المولد، سبية الحرب، زوجة النبي. والرواية نفسها تحفظ ألمها حين ذكّرتها ضرائرها بأصلها، وجواب النبي لها مسمّيًا أباها من سلالة نبي وزوجها نبيًّا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "خسرت صفية كل شيء في حرب، ثم بدأت حياة جديدة تمامًا. وما زال الناس يحكون كيف عبرت من عالم إلى عالم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Safiyya bint Huyayy was a daughter of the Jewish chief Huyayy ibn Akhtab of Banu Nadir. Taken captive when Khaybar fell in 628, she was freed and married to the Prophet — one of the most striking crossings in the early community."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Born about 610 CE, Safiyya grew up among [[group/banu-nadir]], the Jewish tribe expelled from Medina to the oasis of [[place/khaybar]] {cite:watt-1956-medina}. When Khaybar fell in [[event/battle-of-khaybar]], her father having already been killed, and her husband executed after the capitulation, she was brought as a captive before [[person/muhammad]] {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nThe sources report that the Prophet freed her and married her — her freedom standing as her dowry — and that she embraced Islam. In Medina she became one of the Mothers of the Believers; she died about 670 CE {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "Safiyya's life sits at the seam of two communities: Jewish by birth, a captive of the wars, a wife of the Prophet. The tradition itself records her hurt when other wives reminded her of her origins — and the Prophet's answer, naming her father a prophet's descendant and her husband a prophet."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Safiyya lost everything in a war — and then began a completely new life. People still tell the story of how she crossed from one world to another."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 16,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/aisha",
  "person/hafsa",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "person/sajah",
  "person/zayd-ibn-thabit"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/huyayy-ibn-akhtab",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-nadir",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "As a wife of the Prophet; membership is itself contested and shown under perspectives on the group page."
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-khaybar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "taken-captive",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/mothers-of-the-believers",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/aisha",
  "person/hafsa",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/fatima",
  "person/juwayriya-bint-al-harith"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}