{
 "id": "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "safwan-ibn-umayya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "صفوان بن أمية",
  "en": "Safwan ibn Umayya"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "من سادات قريش من بني جمح؛ قُتل أبوه يوم بدر كافراً، وهرب يوم فتح مكة ثم جاءه ابن عمه عمير بن وهب بأمان من النبي، وحضر حنيناً قبل أن يسلم وأعاره النبي سلاحه، وأعطاه من الغنائم حتى أسلم.",
  "en": "A leader of Quraysh from Banu Jumah; his father was killed at Badr as a disbeliever; he fled on the day Mecca was taken until his cousin Umayr ibn Wahb brought him a promise of safety from the Prophet; he was at Hunayn before he embraced Islam, lent the Prophet his weapons, and was given so much of the spoils that he embraced Islam."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "converts-and-leavers"
 ],
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "صفوان بن أمية بن خلف بن وهب بن حذافة بن جمح"
   },
   {
    "kind": "kunya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "أبو وهب"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "مذكور في الإصابة ترجمة رقم 4129 (ص 695).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "ذُكر في كتب الصحابة؛ يُسجَّل ضمن الإطار السني للمتحف (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة، ترجمة 4129، ص 695 (تراجم الرجال)",
   "generated_by": "Claude (maintainer session)",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "isaba-men-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; read from al-Isaba (column-aware OCR, page 695, entry 4129)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "[[person/safwan-ibn-umayya|صفوان بن أمية]] بن خلف بن وهب بن حذافة بن جمح، أبو وهب الجمحي، وأمه صفية بنت معمر بن حبيب. قُتل أبوه [[person/umayya-ibn-khalaf|أمية بن خلف]] يوم [[event/battle-of-badr|بدر]] كافراً {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "يوم الفتح",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن حجر عن موطأ مالك عن ابن شهاب أنه هرب يوم فتح مكة، وأسلمت امرأته ناجية بنت الوليد بن المغيرة، وأحضر له ابن عمه عمير بن وهب أماناً من النبي فحضر. وحضر وقعة [[event/battle-of-hunayn|حنين]] قبل أن يسلم ثم أسلم، وردّ النبي إليه امرأته بعد أربعة أشهر، رواه ابن إسحاق عن الزهري {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "سلاحه يوم حنين",
     "markdown": "استعار النبي منه سلاحه لما خرج إلى حنين، وهو القائل يوم حنين: «لأن يربني رجل من قريش أحب إلي من أن يربني رجل من هوازن» {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}. وأعطاه النبي من الغنائم فأكثر، فقال: «أشهد ما طابت بهذا إلا نفس نبي»، فأسلم {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}. ويروي مسلم والترمذي عن سعيد بن المسيب عنه: «والله لقد أعطاني النبي وإنه لأبغض الناس إلي، فما زال يعطيني حتى إنه لأحب الناس إلي» {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مكانته قبل الإسلام",
     "markdown": "حكى الزبير أنه كان إليه أمر الأزلام في الجاهلية {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}. ويروي الترمذي عن معروف بن خربوذ أن صفوان كان أحد العشرة الذين انتهى إليهم شرف الجاهلية ووصله لهم الإسلام من عشر بطون {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}. وقال ابن سعد: لم يبلغنا أنه غزا مع النبي ولا بعده، وكان أحد المطعمين في الجاهلية والفصحاء {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "إقامته ووفاته",
     "markdown": "نزل على العباس بالمدينة ثم أذن له النبي في الرجوع إلى مكة فأقام بها حتى مات {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}. واختُلف في وقت وفاته: قيل عند مقتل عثمان، وقيل دُفن عند مسير الناس إلى الجمل، وقيل عاش إلى أول خلافة معاوية، فقال المدائني: سنة إحدى، وقال خليفة: سنة اثنتين وأربعين {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.695}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Safwan ibn Umayya — son of [[person/umayya-ibn-khalaf|Umayya]], the man who tortured Bilal — continued his father's opposition almost to the end, was pardoned on the road to Jeddah, and within weeks was fighting for Islam at Hunayn."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "A chief of Banu Jumah, Safwan helped finance the confederates of the [[event/battle-of-the-trench|Trench]] and, the sources record, sent an agent against the Prophet's life. At the [[event/conquest-of-mecca|conquest]] he fled for the coast and a ship out — until the Prophet sent him his own turban as a token of safety, with two months' grace {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nHe came back, asked for and received pardon, and stood with the Muslim army at [[event/battle-of-hunayn|Hunayn]] — where the Prophet gave him a valley of livestock, and the tradition records Safwan's words that only a prophet's generosity could make a man love so quickly {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nHe died in Mecca around 661, an elder of Quraysh."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "The son of the man who owned Bilal ends the story as a Muslim elder — the sira's study in pardon as policy."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Safwan was still running from the Muslims when the Prophet sent him a gift of safety. He came back, and never left."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 14,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-jumah",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-hunayn",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/distribution-of-hunayn-spoils",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conversion-of-umayr-ibn-wahb",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "المتآمر والمتحمل لدين عمير وعياله بمكة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-of-al-qarada",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "قائد قافلة قريش الهارب عند مباغتة المسلمين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/incident-of-al-raji",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "اشترى زيد بن الدثنة وقتله بأبيه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "group/quraysh",
  "person/hakim-ibn-hizam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/mecca",
  "person/al-harith-ibn-hisham",
  "person/attab-ibn-usayd"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}