{
 "id": "person/salima-sultan-begum",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "salima-sultan-begum",
 "label": {
  "ar": "سليمة سلطان بيغوم",
  "en": "Salima Sultan Begum",
  "ur": "سلیمہ سلطان بیگم"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سليمة سلطان بيغوم (1539–1613)، إمبراطورة مغولية، ابنة كلرخ بيكم ابنة بابر وحفيدته؛ تزوجت أولًا بيرم خان سنة 1557 ثم ابن عمها أكبر سنة 1561، وكانت من كبار زوجات أكبر، قارئة وشاعرة تكتب باسم «مخفي»، ولعبت دور الوسيط بين أكبر وجهانكير.",
  "en": "Salima Sultan Begum (1539–1613), a Mughal empress and granddaughter of Babur through his daughter Gulrukh Begum; married first to Bairam Khan in 1557 and then to her cousin Akbar in 1561, she became a senior wife of Akbar, a reader and poet writing under the pen name Makhfi, and a mediator between Akbar and Jahangir.",
  "ur": "سلیمہ سلطان بیگم (1539ء–1613ء)، مغل ملکہ اور بابر کی پوتی (بیٹی گل رخ بیگم سے)؛ پہلی شادی 1557ء میں بیرم خان سے، پھر 1561ء میں اپنے چچا زاد اکبر سے ہوئی؛ اکبر کی سینئر بیویوں میں شامل، قاریہ اور «مخفی» تخلص سے شاعرہ، اور اکبر و جہانگیر کے درمیان ثالث کا کردار ادا کیا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1539.1437880312396,
  "latest": 1613.0070432657437
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1539-02-23",
   "hijri": "0945",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Dates follow the English article (23 February 1539, paired there with 25 Ramadan 945); Wikidata instead gives 5 March 1539 – 15 December 1612 with an arithmetically inconsistent Hijri pairing, so that variant is recorded here rather than merged.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
    "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1613-01-02",
   "hijri": "1021",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died 2 January 1613; Jahangir's memoirs (the Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri), as quoted by the English article, date her death to 11 Dhu al-Qa'da 1021. Wikidata instead gives 15 December 1612.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
    "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "en",
    "value": "Salima Sultan Begum"
   },
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "سليمة سلطان بيغوم"
   },
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ur",
    "value": "سلیمہ سلطان بیگم"
   },
   {
    "kind": "given",
    "lang": "en",
    "value": "Salima"
   },
   {
    "kind": "pen",
    "lang": "en",
    "value": "Makhfi"
   },
   {
    "kind": "pen",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "مخفي"
   },
   {
    "kind": "pen",
    "lang": "ur",
    "value": "مخفی"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No two independent sources naming her school were found; the Arabic article's religion filing never counts alone under this lane's discipline, so her school is recorded unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
     "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-ur",
     "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "roles": [
   "royal-consort",
   "poet"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1539-02-23",
   "hijri": "0945",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Dates follow the English article (23 February 1539, paired there with 25 Ramadan 945); Wikidata instead gives 5 March 1539 – 15 December 1612 with an arithmetically inconsistent Hijri pairing, so that variant is recorded here rather than merged.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
    "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1613-01-02",
   "hijri": "1021",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died 2 January 1613; Jahangir's memoirs (the Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri), as quoted by the English article, date her death to 11 Dhu al-Qa'da 1021. Wikidata instead gives 15 December 1612.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
    "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en",
   "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-ur",
   "source/wikidata-salima-sultan-begum",
   "source/findly-nur-jahan-1993"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q7404601"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Salima Sultan Begum and Wikidata Q7404601, each read at the revision recorded in its source file (revisions fetched live from the MediaWiki API, 31 Oct 2026); dates follow the English article's Tuzuk citation against the conflicting Wikidata variant, which is preserved in the date notes; Findly, Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India (1993) for the court setting. Her marriages are stated in prose only: Bairam Khan has no person record on main, and the spouse edge to Akbar is owned by the elder spouse's record under house convention.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-147b"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "سليمة سلطان بيغوم (23 فبراير 1539 – 2 يناير 1613) إمبراطورة مغولية، ابنة كلرخ بيكم ابنة بابر، تزوجت أولًا القائد بيرم خان ثم ابن عمها الإمبراطور أكبر، وصارت من أكثر نساء البلاط المغولي نفوذًا وثقافة.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والزواجان",
     "markdown": "وُلدت سليمة سنة 1539 لأبيها نور الدين محمد ميرزا وأمها كلرخ بيكم، ابنة مؤسس الدولة المغولية بابر.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} زوّجها همايون سنة 1557 من بيرم خان، خان خانان والوصي على أكبر الشاب، وكان يكبرها كثيرًا في السن.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} وبعد اغتيال بيرم خان سنة 1561 أُرسل ابنه عبد الرحيم إلى البلاط، وتزوجت سليمة من أكبر نفسه في السنة نفسها.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في بلاط أكبر",
     "markdown": "صارت سليمة من كبار زوجات أكبر وأكثرهن تأثيرًا فيه، وكانت قارئة واسعة الاطلاع وشاعرة تكتب باسم مستعار هو «مخفي».{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} وحين تمرد الأمير سليم، جهانكير لاحقًا، على أبيه أكبر، لعبت سليمة دورًا محوريًا في التوسط بين الأب وابنه حتى تحقق الصلح بينهما.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}{cite:findly-nur-jahan-1993}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاتها",
     "markdown": "توفيت سليمة في 2 يناير 1613، وقد أرّخ جهانكير وفاتها في مذكراته في 11 ذي القعدة 1021.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن ويكي بيانات يورد تاريخين مختلفين لولادتها ووفاتها (5 مارس 1539 – 15 ديسمبر 1612)، وقد اعتمدت هذه البطاقة تواريخ المقالة الإنجليزية المستندة إلى مذكرات جهانكير.{cite:wikidata-salima-sultan-begum}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/salima-sultan-begum",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Salima Sultan Begum (23 February 1539 – 2 January 1613) was a Mughal empress, the daughter of Babur's daughter Gulrukh Begum, who married first the commander Bairam Khan and then her cousin the emperor Akbar, and became one of the most influential and cultivated women of the Mughal court.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Family and marriages",
     "markdown": "Salima was born in 1539 to Nuruddin Muhammad Mirza and Gulrukh Begum, a daughter of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} In 1557 Humayun married her to Bairam Khan, the Khan-i Khanan and regent of the young Akbar, who was much older than her.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} After Bairam Khan was assassinated in 1561, his son Abdur Rahim was sent to court, and Salima married Akbar himself in the same year.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "At Akbar's court",
     "markdown": "Salima became one of Akbar's senior and most influential wives; she was a wide reader and a poet who wrote under the pen name Makhfi, \"the Concealed One\".{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} When Prince Salim, the future Jahangir, rebelled against his father, Salima played a central part in mediating between father and son until they were reconciled.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}{cite:findly-nur-jahan-1993}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Salima died on 2 January 1613, and Jahangir dated her death in his memoirs to 11 Dhu al-Qa'da 1021.{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} Wikidata gives different dates for her birth and death (5 March 1539 – 15 December 1612); this record follows the English article's dates, which rest on Jahangir's memoirs.{cite:wikidata-salima-sultan-begum}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/salima-sultan-begum",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سلیمہ سلطان بیگم (23 فروری 1539ء – 2 جنوری 1613ء) مغل ملکہ تھیں، بابر کی بیٹی گل رخ بیگم کی صاحبزادی؛ ان کی پہلی شادی بیرم خان سے اور دوسری اپنے چچا زاد، بادشاہ اکبر سے ہوئی۔{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} وہ اکبر کی سینئر بیویوں میں شامل، وسیع مطالعہ رکھنے والی خاتون اور «مخفی» تخلص سے شاعرہ تھیں۔{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} جب شہزادہ سلیم (جہانگیر) نے اپنے والد سے بغاوت کی تو سلیمہ نے باپ بیٹے کے درمیان صلح کرانے میں مرکزی کردار ادا کیا۔{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en} ان کی وفات 2 جنوری 1613ء کو ہوئی، جسے جہانگیر نے اپنی یادداشتوں میں 11 ذی قعدہ 1021ھ درج کیا۔{cite:wikipedia-salima-sultan-begum-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/salima-sultan-begum",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/sadiqi-beg",
  "person/mirza-ghiyas-beg",
  "person/baha-al-din-al-amili",
  "person/panembahan-ratu",
  "person/shah-sulaiman-nuri",
  "person/al-shinhaji-al-fishtali",
  "person/jalal-al-din-akbar",
  "person/seyyid-kasim-gubari",
  "person/alaeddin-tabrizi",
  "person/abd-al-haqq-dihlawi",
  "person/nawi-efendi",
  "person/abdullah-khan-ii"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-31",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}