{
 "id": "person/salman-al-farisi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "salman-al-farisi",
 "label": {
  "en": "Salman al-Farisi",
  "ar": "سلمان الفارسي"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A Persian seeker who passed through Zoroastrianism and Christianity before reaching Muhammad; freed from slavery in Medina, he is remembered for proposing the trench at the siege of 627.",
  "ar": "رجل فارسي طلب الحق فانتقل من المجوسية إلى النصرانية حتى لقي محمدًا؛ أُعتق من الرق في المدينة، ويُذكر باقتراحه حفر الخندق في حصار سنة 627م."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia",
  "arabia",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "converts-and-leavers",
  "slavery-and-freedom",
  "islam-and-zoroastrianism",
  "islam-and-christianity"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 567.999958931395,
  "latest": 657.0011020075385
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0568~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "His own narrated biography is long; dates are approximate and debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0656~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Reports place his death around 35–36 AH (656–657 CE) at al-Mada'in; some accounts give a much longer life.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "laqab",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Salman the Persian"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0568~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "His own narrated biography is long; dates are approximate and debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0656~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Reports place his death around 35–36 AH (656–657 CE) at al-Mada'in; some accounts give a much longer life.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0622~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Reached Medina as a slave and embraced Islam; the community ransomed his freedom.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0622~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "official",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0648~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0656~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Remembered as governor of al-Mada'in under Umar, though reports differ on its length.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Converted from Zoroastrianism via Christianity to Islam; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "labelled": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Salman the Good (Salman al-Khayr); 'Salman is one of us, the People of the House'",
     "ar": "سلمان الخير"
    },
    "by": "a saying attributed to the Prophet in the tradition",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "سلمان الفارسي طالب حق عبر الأديان والإمبراطوريات — مجوسيًّا ثم نصرانيًّا ثم مسلمًا — حتى وصل إلى محمد في المدينة. ويذكره التراث بفكرة أنقذت مدينة: الخندق."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "وُلد بفارس نحو سنة 568م، وخرج من بيته في طلب طويل ترويه المصادر روايةً: عبر كنائس الشام والعراق، ثم عُبّد وبيع، حتى بلغ المدينة {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. فأسلم بها نحو سنة 622م، وأعانته الجماعة على عتق نفسه {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nفي [[event/battle-of-the-trench|حصار سنة 627م]]، والمدينة محاطة بأعظم جيش رأته الجزيرة، ينسب التراث إلى سلمان خطة لم تعرفها حرب العرب: حفر خندق لا تقطعه الخيل. ونجت المدينة {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. وعاش إلى عهد الخلافة واليا على المدائن فيما ترويه الأخبار، ومات بها نحو سنة 656م {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "في القول المروي عن النبي «سلمان منا أهل البيت» — فارسي كان مملوكًا فأُدخل أشرف بيت في الإسلام. ويبقى حجّة التراث الكبرى على أن الإسلام ليس نسبًا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "قطع سلمان البلدان والأديان يطلب الحق، وعُبّد وأُعتق — ثم حفر الخندق الذي أنقذ المدينة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/salman-al-farisi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Salman the Persian was a seeker who crossed religions and empires — Zoroastrian, then Christian, then Muslim — before finding his way to Muhammad in Medina. The tradition remembers him for one idea that saved a city: the trench."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Born in Persia about 568 CE, Salman left home on a long search that the sources narrate almost as a novel: through churches of Syria and Iraq, sold into slavery, until he reached Medina {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. There he embraced Islam about 622, and the community helped ransom his freedom {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nAt the [[event/battle-of-the-trench|siege of 627]], with Medina ringed by the largest army Arabia had seen, tradition credits Salman with the tactic unknown to Arabian warfare: dig a trench the cavalry cannot cross. It held {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. He lived on into the caliphate, remembered as governor of al-Mada'in, dying there about 656 {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "In the Prophet's reported words, \"Salman is one of us, the People of the House\" — a Persian, once enslaved, counted inside Islam's most honored family. He remains the tradition's great argument that Islam is not an ethnicity."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Salman crossed countries and religions looking for the truth, was enslaved, freed — and then dug the ditch that saved Medina."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/salman-al-farisi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
  "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
  "person/sajah",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/heraclius",
  "person/hind-bint-utba"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/isfahan",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "converted_under",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-the-trench",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "proposed-digging-the-trench",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "place/medina",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/hijra",
  "event/siege-of-banu-qurayza",
  "group/banu-qurayza",
  "group/early-muslims"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}