{
 "id": "person/sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "السيد فضل بن علوي",
  "en": "Sayyid Fadl ibn Alawi",
  "ur": "سید فضل بن علوی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عالم وزعيم ديني وسياسي (1824-1900) من السادة الحضارم الباعلوي، وُلد في مامبورام بمالابار في جنوب الهند لأب صوفي مهاجر من حضرموت، وخلف والده سنة 1844 في قيادة الطريقة العلوية ومسلمي مالابار. اتهمته السلطات البريطانية بتحريض ثورات المابيلا ففرّ سنة 1853 إلى مكة بعد أمر باعتقاله، ولم يُسمح له بالعودة قط. جاب بعدها الحجاز ومصر، وصار واليا على ظفار في جنوب الجزيرة العربية (1876-1879)، ثم انتقل إلى إسطنبول فصار من وجهاء بلاط السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني ولُقّب بفضل باشا، وكتب في السياسة الشرعية والتصوف، ومن أشهر كتبه «عدة الأمراء والحكام»، وتوفي في إسطنبول.",
  "en": "Scholar, religious and political leader (1824–1900) of the Hadrami Ba Alawi sayyids, born at Mampuram in Malabar, south India, to a Sufi father who had migrated from Hadramawt; in 1844 he succeeded his father as leader of the Alawiyya order and of the Muslims of Malabar. The British accused him of instigating the Mappila revolts, and in 1853, faced with an order for his arrest, he escaped to Mecca and was never allowed to return. He afterwards travelled in the Hijaz and Egypt, became governor of Dhofar in southern Arabia (1876–1879), then settled in Istanbul as a dignitary at the court of Sultan Abdulhamid II with the title Fadl Pasha, wrote on politics, law and spirituality — his best-known work is the Uddat al-Umara wa-l-Hukkam — and died in Istanbul.",
  "ur": "حضرمی باعلوی سادات کے عالم اور دینی و سیاسی رہنما (1824ء–1900ء) جو جنوبی ہندوستان کے مالابار کے مامپورم میں ایک صوفی مہاجر والد کے گھر پیدا ہوئے اور 1844ء میں اپنے والد کے جانشین کے طور پر سلسلہ علویہ اور مالابار کے مسلمانوں کے رہنما بنے۔ برطانوی حکومت نے ان پر ماپلا بغاوتوں کی تحریک کا الزام لگایا، تو 1853ء میں گرفتاری کے حکم کے بعد وہ مکہ فرار ہو گئے اور پھر کبھی واپس نہ آ سکے۔ بعد ازاں وہ حجاز اور مصر میں رہے، جنوبی عرب کے ظفار کے والی بنے (1876ء–1879ء)، پھر استنبول جا کر سلطان عبدالحمید ثانی کے دربار کے معززین میں شامل ہوئے اور فضل پاشا کا لقب پایا، سیاست و تصوف پر کتابیں لکھیں جن میں «عدۃ الامراء والحکام» مشہور ہے، اور استنبول ہی میں وفات پائی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1823.9983709453309,
  "latest": 1900.8322552824177
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1824",
   "hijri": "1239",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Mampuram (Mambram) in Malabar in 1824: Abu-Manneh gives the year expressly, Jacob's monograph title dates agree, and Randathani pairs 1240/1824. The English Wikipedia article gives only circa 1820, and no source gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1239) follows the convention of the year in which the Gregorian year began (1 January 1824 falls in Jumada al-Ula 1239); Randathani's pairing gives 1240, the difference being the usual year-boundary effect. Mampuram has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
    "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
    "source/randathani-hadrami-sayyids",
    "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1900-10",
   "hijri": "1318",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Istanbul in October 1900: Abu-Manneh gives Istanbul, October 1900, and expressly rejects the stray death years 1844 and 1866 in some reference works; Jacob's monograph likewise gives d. 1900, and a funeral at the Hagia Sophia mosque on 26 October 1900 is reported in the secondary literature. The English Wikipedia article and Randathani give 1901, from the Hijri year 1318, which runs from May 1900 to May 1901; October 1900 falls within 1318 (Jumada al-Akhira), so the Hijri year is not in dispute, only its Gregorian rendering. The Hijri year (1318) is derived by tabular conversion and agrees with the sources' own pairing.",
   "sources": [
    "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
    "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
    "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en",
    "source/randathani-hadrami-sayyids"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "فضل بن علوي بن محمد بن سهل",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Fadl ibn Alawi ibn Muhammad ibn Sahl",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Fazal Pookoya Thangal",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sayyid Fazl",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Fadl Pasha",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "writer",
   "activist"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1824",
   "hijri": "1239",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Mampuram (Mambram) in Malabar in 1824: Abu-Manneh gives the year expressly, Jacob's monograph title dates agree, and Randathani pairs 1240/1824. The English Wikipedia article gives only circa 1820, and no source gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1239) follows the convention of the year in which the Gregorian year began (1 January 1824 falls in Jumada al-Ula 1239); Randathani's pairing gives 1240, the difference being the usual year-boundary effect. Mampuram has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
    "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
    "source/randathani-hadrami-sayyids",
    "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1900-10",
   "hijri": "1318",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Istanbul in October 1900: Abu-Manneh gives Istanbul, October 1900, and expressly rejects the stray death years 1844 and 1866 in some reference works; Jacob's monograph likewise gives d. 1900, and a funeral at the Hagia Sophia mosque on 26 October 1900 is reported in the secondary literature. The English Wikipedia article and Randathani give 1901, from the Hijri year 1318, which runs from May 1900 to May 1901; October 1900 falls within 1318 (Jumada al-Akhira), so the Hijri year is not in dispute, only its Gregorian rendering. The Hijri year (1318) is derived by tabular conversion and agrees with the sources' own pairing.",
   "sources": [
    "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
    "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
    "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en",
    "source/randathani-hadrami-sayyids"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "His place in the Alawiyya Sufi order is attested of him personally, not only of his family, by two independent academic sources. (1) Abu-Manneh: his father had succeeded as leader of the Alawiyya in Malabar, Fadl was trained in Alawiyya principles, and on his father's death in 1844 Fadl himself succeeded to that leadership and to the leadership of Malabar's Muslim community. (2) Jacob's monograph: Fadl was a renowned Sufi scholar, formed in the Ba Alawi Sufi pathway that his family's tradition carried across the Indian Ocean. No second segment is recorded: the Ba Alawi are a Sunni, Shafi'i tradition in general, but no two independent sources fetched attest a Sunni or Shafi'i affiliation for Fadl personally — his own books on the Shafi'i and Hanafi schools are works about those schools, not attestations of his adherence — so under the two-source rule and the doubt rule no sunni value is added, and the Shafi'i connection is stated here only.",
    "sources": [
     "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
     "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en",
   "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
   "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
   "source/randathani-hadrami-sayyids"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Wilson Chacko Jacob, For God or Empire: Sayyid Fadl and the Indian Ocean World (Stanford University Press, 2019), with its review in the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies; Butrus Abu-Manneh, 'Abdulhamid II and Sayyid Fadl Pasha of Hadramawt (1876–1900)'; Hussain Randathani, 'Hadrami Sayyids against Colonialism: the Malabar Page'; English Wikipedia 'Fazal Pookoya Thangal'. All read on 25 October 2026. No Wikidata identifier was verified in this run, so none is recorded.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-19"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "السيد فضل بن علوي بن محمد بن سهل (1824 – أكتوبر 1900)، المعروف في الهند بفضل بوكويا تنغال وفي إسطنبول بفضل باشا، عالم وزعيم ديني وسياسي من السادة الحضارم الباعلوي، وُلد في مامبورام بمالابار في جنوب الهند وعاش حياته بين مالابار والحجاز وجنوب الجزيرة العربية وإسطنبول. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} اتهمه البريطانيون بتحريض ثورات المابيلا فنُفي فعليا سنة 1852 ولم يعد إلى الهند أبدا، ثم صار واليا على ظفار ومستشارا مقربا من السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني. {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والقيادة في مالابار",
     "markdown": "ينتمي فضل إلى أسرة من السادة العلويين الحضارم؛ وكان والده السيد علوي قد هاجر صغيرا إلى مالابار واستقر في مامبرام، وانضم إلى الطريقة العلوية هناك ثم خلف شيخها حسن الجفري في قيادتها وصار ذا مكانة مؤثرة في الأوساط الدينية. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} وُلد فضل سنة 1824 وتلقى تعليما إسلاميا تقليديا وتدرّب على مبادئ العلوية، وكانت أمه فاطمة من قويلاندي. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} عند وفاة والده سنة 1844 خلفه فضل في قيادة الطريقة العلوية وفي قيادة جماعة مسلمي مالابار، ثم قام بالحج وأمضى سنوات في الحرمين قبل أن يعود إلى مالابار. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التصادم مع البريطانيين والنفي",
     "markdown": "ازدادت الجماعة المسلمة في مالابار تسييسا في سنوات قيادته؛ فقد اتخذ موقفا مناهضا للبريطانيين واستخدم نفوذه لتقويض حضورهم، فتصاعد التوتر حتى رأى البريطانيون حضوره في مالابار خطرا عليهم. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} بعد انتفاضة مابيلية قُمعت سنة 1851-1852 وثورتي منجيري (1849) وكولاثور (1851) أصدر القاضي المحلي كونولي في فبراير 1852 أمرا باعتقاله، لكن فضل فرّ من مالابار وبلغ مكة في أوائل 1853، واتُّهم لاحقا بالتحريض على قتل كونولي. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} كتب فضل كتبا وأصدر فتاوى لتوعية الناس بعواقب الحكم البريطاني، وجمع في «القول المختار في منع اختيار الكفار» و«سيف البتار» نصوصا ضد موالاة الكفار، وطُبع كتابه «عدة الأمراء والحكام لإهانة الكفرة وعبدة الأصنام» في مصر سنة 1856 فحظره كونولي في مالابار. {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids} كرر فضل محاولات العودة إلى الهند فأحبطها المسؤولون الاستعماريون كل مرة، ولم ير الهند بعدها قط. {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بين الحجاز وظفار وإسطنبول",
     "markdown": "زار إسطنبول أول مرة في منتصف خمسينيات القرن التاسع عشر فنال اعترافا رسميا عثمانيا بمكانته وراتبا شهريا قدره 2,500 قروش. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} حاول مرارا الحصول على منصب رفيع في جنوب الجزيرة العربية، وفي سنة 1876 صار واليا على ظفار بجنوب الجزيرة لصالح الدولة العثمانية، وبقي فيها حتى أُزيح عنها سنة 1879 إثر ثورة قبلية مدعومة من قوى خارجية. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} دُعي بعدها إلى القسطنطينية وعُيّن في مجلس وزراء الدولة العثمانية، واستخدم مقامه في إسطنبول لتطوير صلاته بزعماء المسلمين الزائرين من داخل الدولة العثمانية وخارجها وللدعوة إلى وحدة المسلمين، وكتب مذكرات إلى السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني يجادل فيها بأن التصدي للتوغلات الأجنبية في أراضي المسلمين لا يكون إلا باتحاد أهل الإسلام. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} لُقّب بفضل باشا وظل مقربا من البلاط حتى وفاته. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مؤلفاته",
     "markdown": "كان فضل كاتبا غزيرا في الفقه والسياسة الشرعية والأخلاق والروحانيات. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} من أعماله «عدة الأمراء والحكام لإهانة الكفرة وعبدة الأصنام»، و«أساس الإسلام في بيان الأحكام»، و«حلال الإحسان في تحسين الإنسان»، و«إظهار الأسرار»، وكتاب في سيرة الشافعي ومذهبه وآخر في تاريخ المذهب الحنفي وتعاليمه، وتُحفظ أعماله اليوم في مكتبة جامعة إسطنبول. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} يُعرض ذكر كتبه هنا كما تسرده المصادر؛ وكتابه في الشافعية وكتابه في الحنفية عملان عن المذهبين، لا شهادة منه على انتمائه إلى أحدهما."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "توفي فضل في إسطنبول في أكتوبر 1900 دون أن يحقق حلمه بالعودة إلى حكم ظفار. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} يرد في بعض المصادر أن وفاته كانت سنة 1901، لأن السنة الهجرية 1318 التي توفي فيها تمتد من مايو 1900 إلى مايو 1901؛ أما أبو منّه فيذكر أكتوبر 1900 صراحة ويرفض صراحة سنتَي 1844 و1866 الواردتين خطأ في بعض المراجع، ويؤيده جاكوب بتاريخ 1900. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "طريقته",
     "markdown": "يذكر أبو منّه أن فضل تدرّب على مبادئ العلوية وخلف والده في قيادتها، ويصفه جاكوب بأنه عالم صوفي معروف تشكّل في الطريق الباعلوي الصوفي. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} لذلك تُسجَّل خانة الإيمان في بيانات الكيان «صوفي» بتوثيق من هذين المصدرين الأكاديميين المستقلين، دون إضافة قيمة سنية: فالباعليون في عمومهم سنة شافعية، لكن لا يوجد مصدران مستقلان يشهدان بهذا الانتماء لفضل شخصيا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- المصادر المعرّفة المستشهد بها أعلاه، وهي مسجلة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Sayyid Fadl ibn Alawi ibn Muhammad ibn Sahl (1824 – October 1900), known in India as Fazal Pookoya Thangal and in Istanbul as Fadl Pasha, was a scholar and religious and political leader of the Hadrami Ba Alawi sayyids, born at Mampuram in Malabar, south India, whose life moved between Malabar, the Hijaz, southern Arabia and Istanbul. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} The British accused him of instigating the Mappila revolts and he was effectively exiled in 1852, never to return to India; he later became governor of Dhofar and a close dignitary of Sultan Abdulhamid II. {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and leadership in Malabar",
     "markdown": "Fadl belonged to a family of Hadrami Alawi sayyids. His father, Sayyid Alawi, had migrated young to Malabar and settled at Mambram, joined the Alawiyya Sufi order there and succeeded Sheikh Hasan al-Jifri as its leader, gaining an influential position in religious circles. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} Fadl was born in 1824, received a traditional Islamic education and was trained in Alawiyya principles; his mother Fatima was of Quilandy (Koyilandy). {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} On his father's death in 1844 Fadl succeeded him in the leadership of the Alawiyya and of the Muslim community of Malabar; he then performed the hajj and spent several years in the holy cities before returning to Malabar. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Collision with the British, and exile",
     "markdown": "During Fadl's leadership the Muslim community of Malabar became increasingly politicised: he adopted an anti-British stance and used his influence to undermine the British presence, until British officials viewed his presence in Malabar as dangerous. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} After the Manjeri (1849) and Kulathur (1851) revolts and the suppression of a further rising, the district magistrate Conolly issued an order for his arrest in February 1852, but Fadl escaped from Malabar and reached Mecca in early 1853; he was subsequently accused of instigating Conolly's murder. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} Fadl wrote books and issued fatwas against British rule, collecting in al-Qawl al-Mukhtar and Saif al-Battar texts against preferring unbelievers, and his Uddat al-Umara wa-l-Hukkam, printed in Egypt in 1856, was prohibited in Malabar by Conolly. {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids} He made repeated efforts to return to India, all thwarted by colonial officials, and never saw India again. {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Between the Hijaz, Dhofar and Istanbul",
     "markdown": "He first visited Istanbul in the mid-1850s and gained official Ottoman recognition of his status as an influential Arab notable, with a salary of 2,500 kuruş a month. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} After several attempts to secure a high position in South Arabia, in 1876 he became governor of Dhofar in southern Arabia under Ottoman auspices, until he was ousted in 1879 by a tribal revolt supported by external forces. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} He was then invited to Constantinople and appointed among the ministers of the Ottoman Empire, used his residence in Istanbul to build contacts with visiting Muslim dignitaries, and argued in memoranda to Sultan Abdulhamid II that foreign encroachments on Muslim territories could be stopped only by a union of the people of Islam. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} He bore the title Fadl Pasha and remained close to the court until his death. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "Fadl was a prolific writer on law, politics, ethics and spirituality. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} His works include the Uddat al-Umara wa-l-Hukkam li-Ihanat al-Kafara wa-Abadat al-Asnam, Asas al-Islam fi Bayan al-Ahkam, Hulal al-Ihsan fi Tahsin al-Insan and Idhar al-Asrar, as well as a book on the biography and teachings of al-Shafi'i's school and another on the history and doctrines of the Hanafi school; his works are kept today in Istanbul University Library. {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} The two school books are listed here as his works: a book about a school is not an attestation that he belonged to it, and the entity data treats it accordingly."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Fadl died in Istanbul in October 1900, without realising his dream of governing Dhofar again. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} Some sources give 1901, because the Hijri year 1318 in which he died runs from May 1900 to May 1901; Abu-Manneh gives October 1900 expressly and expressly rejects the stray death years 1844 and 1866 in some reference works, and Jacob likewise gives 1900. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His tradition",
     "markdown": "Abu-Manneh records that Fadl was trained in Alawiyya principles and succeeded his father as the order's leader, and Jacob describes him as a renowned Sufi scholar formed in the Ba Alawi Sufi pathway. {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} The entity data therefore records his faith as documented sufi on those two independent academic sources, and adds no sunni value: the Ba Alawi are in general a Sunni, Shafi'i tradition, but no two independent sources attest that affiliation for Fadl personally."
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- The defined sources cited above, registered in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سید فضل بن علوی بن محمد بن سہل (1824ء – اکتوبر 1900ء)، جو ہندوستان میں فضل پوکویا تھنگل اور استنبول میں فضل پاشا کے نام سے مشہور ہیں، حضرمی باعلوی سادات کے عالم اور دینی و سیاسی رہنما تھے، مالابار کے مامپورم میں پیدا ہوئے اور ان کی زندگی مالابار، حجاز، جنوبی عرب اور استنبول کے درمیان گزری۔ {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019} برطانوی حکومت نے ان پر ماپلا بغاوتوں کی تحریک کا الزام لگایا اور 1852ء میں وہ عملاً جلا وطن ہو گئے، پھر کبھی ہندوستان واپس نہ جا سکے؛ بعد میں وہ ظفار کے والی اور سلطان عبدالحمید ثانی کے مقرب بنے۔ {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زندگی",
     "markdown": "ان کے والد سید علوی حضرموت سے مالابار آئے اور سلسلہ علویہ کے رہنما بنے؛ فضل 1824ء میں پیدا ہوئے، علویہ کے اصولوں کی تربیت پائی اور 1844ء میں والد کے جانشین بنے۔ {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} 1852ء میں گرفتاری کے حکم کے بعد وہ مکہ فرار ہو گئے، برطانوی حکومت کے خلاف کتابیں اور فتاویٰ لکھے، جن میں «عدۃ الامراء والحکام» مشہور ہے۔ {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids} {cite:wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en} 1876ء میں وہ جنوبی عرب کے ظفار کے والی بنے، 1879ء میں ہٹائے گئے، پھر استنبول میں عثمانی دربار کے معزز بن کر فضل پاشا کہلائے اور سلطان کو مسلمانوں کے اتحاد کی یادداشتیں پیش کیں۔ {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات اور مسلک",
     "markdown": "اکتوبر 1900ء میں استنبول میں وفات پائی؛ بعض ذرائع 1901ء بھی دیتے ہیں کیونکہ ہجری سال 1318ء مئی 1900ء سے مئی 1901ء تک پھیلا ہے۔ {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:randathani-hadrami-sayyids} ابو منّہ اور جیکب دونوں انہیں علویہ صوفی سلسلے کا رہنما اور صوفی عالم بتاتے ہیں، اسی لیے ہستی کے اعداد و شمار میں ان کا مسلک «صوفی» بتوثیق درج ہے۔ {cite:abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha} {cite:jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مستشہد شدہ معرّف ذرائع، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  }
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  "person/khwaja-abdul-ghani",
  "person/amir-meenai"
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 "updated": "2026-10-25",
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    "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha",
    "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019",
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  "data": "CC0 1.0"
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