{
 "id": "person/tuban-asad-abu-karib",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "tuban-asad-abu-karib",
 "label": {
  "ar": "تبّان أسعد أبو كرب",
  "en": "Tuban As'ad Abu Karib"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ملك حمير الذي دخلت اليهودية في اليمن من قبله: ذهب مقاتلاً إلى يثرب واعتنق هناك اليهودية وجاء بحبرين من بني قريظة إلى اليمن فأخذت اليهودية إلى التوسع والانتشار فيها؛ وابنه يوسف ذو نواس صاحب أخدود نجران، في رواية الرحيق المختوم. وفي رواية ابن زبالة عند السمهودي أنه لما قدم المدينة وأراد إخرابها جاءه حبران من قريظة — سحيت ومنبه — فأخبراه أنها محفوظة وأنها مهاجر نبي من بني إسماعيل اسمه أحمد، فصدّقهما وكفّ عن أهلها، وبنى لكل عالم داراً وزوّجه، وكتب كتاباً فيه إسلامه وشهد فيه على أحمد وختمه بالذهب ودفعه إلى كبيرهم ليبلغ النبي أو من أدركه من ولده، وبنى له داراً تداولها الملاك حتى صارت لأبي أيوب من ولد ذلك العالم {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 200-201}. وفي الحديث «لا تسبوا تبعاً فإنه كان قد أسلم».",
  "en": "The Himyarite king through whom Judaism entered Yemen: he went to fight at Yathrib, adopted Judaism there and brought two rabbis of Banu Qurayza back to Yemen, where Judaism then spread; his son Yusuf Dhu Nuwas was the king of the Najran trench, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. In Ibn Zabala's version preserved by al-Samhudi, he came meaning to destroy the town until two rabbis of Qurayza — Suhayt and Munabba — told him it was protected, the future refuge of a prophet of the Ishmaelites named Ahmad, so he believed them and desisted, built each scholar a house and married him off, wrote a gold-sealed letter attesting his Islam and testifying to Ahmad to be passed to the Prophet or whichever descendant met him, and built the Prophet a house that passed through heirs until it reached Abu Ayyub, a descendant of that scholar {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 200-201}. The hadith says: 'Do not curse Tubba', for he had become Muslim.'"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "converts-and-leavers"
 ],
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "تبّان أسعد أبو كرب الحميري"
   },
   {
    "kind": "alternate",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "تبّع أبو كرب"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "jewish",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "اعتنق اليهودية بيثرب وجاء بحبرين من بني قريظة إلى اليمن (الرحيق ص40).",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص25–28 و40 نقلاً عن محاضرات تاريخ الأمم الإسلامية للخضري 1/29–34 وتاريخ أرض القرآن 2/80–82 وتفهيم القرآن 6/297–298",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-2b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/tafhim-al-quran",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/samhudi-wafa-al-wafa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum p. 40"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "تبّان أسعد أبو كرب ملك [[group/himyar|حمير]] الذي دخلت اليهودية في [[place/yemen|اليمن]] من قبله في رواية الرحيق المختوم: ذهب مقاتلاً إلى يثرب واعتنق هناك اليهودية وجاء بحبرين من [[group/banu-qurayza|بني قريظة]] إلى اليمن، فأخذت اليهودية إلى التوسع والانتشار فيها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:tafhim-al-quran 6/297-298} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/20-36}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابنه ذو نواس",
     "markdown": "لما ولي اليمن بعده ابنه يوسف [[person/dhu-nuwas|ذو نواس]] هجم على المسيحيين من أهل نجران ودعاهم إلى اليهودية، فلما أبوا خدّ لهم الأخدود {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40}. انظر [[event/massacre-of-najran|أخدود نجران]] و[[concept/judaism-in-arabia|اليهودية في جزيرة العرب]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "قصة تبّع مع يثرب وسبب خروجه إليها عند ابن إسحاق لم تُضف بعد من مصدرها."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "تبّان أسعد ملك يمني قديم دخل في اليهودية عندما زار يثرب، وأخذ معه عالمين يهوديين إلى اليمن."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/tuban-asad-abu-karib",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Tubban As'ad Abu Karib, king of [[group/himyar|Himyar]] in whose time Judaism entered [[place/yemen|Yemen]], according to the account in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum. He went out to fight to Yathrib, embraced Judaism there, and brought two rabbis from the [[group/banu-qurayza|Banu Qurayza]] to Yemen, and Judaism then spread and expanded there {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:tafhim-al-quran 6/297-298} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/20-36}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "His son Dhu Nuwas",
     "markdown": "When his son Yusuf, [[person/dhu-nuwas|Dhu Nuwas]], succeeded him in Yemen, he attacked the Christians of Najran and invited them to Judaism. When they refused, he dug the trench for them {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40}. See [[event/massacre-of-najran|the trench of Najran]] and [[concept/judaism-in-arabia|Judaism in the Arabian Peninsula]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not covered here",
     "markdown": "The story of Tubba' with Yathrib, and the reason for his going there, in Ibn Ishaq, has not yet been added from its source."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Tubban As'ad was an ancient king of Yemen who embraced Judaism when he visited Yathrib, and he took two Jewish scholars back with him to Yemen."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/tuban-asad-abu-karib",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/himyar",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/yemen",
   "type": "ruler_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/tafhim-al-quran"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/dhu-nuwas",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "traveled_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "ذهب مقاتلاً إلى يثرب واعتنق هناك اليهودية.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/dhu-nuwas",
  "concept/judaism-in-arabia",
  "event/first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
  "event/letter-of-himyar-kings",
  "event/mission-of-muadh-to-yemen",
  "object/nasr",
  "passage/muwatta-3-762",
  "passage/muwatta-6-927"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}