{
 "id": "person/umm-salama",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "umm-salama",
 "label": {
  "en": "Umm Salama (Hind bint Abi Umayya)",
  "ar": "أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A wife of the Prophet remembered for her counsel at Hudaybiyya and for the hundreds of hadith transmitted on her authority in Sunni tradition.",
  "ar": "زوجة النبي، تُذكر برأيها يوم الحديبية وبمئات الأحاديث التي رُويت عنها في التقليد السني."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women",
  "scripture-and-its-sciences"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 590.0017796395546,
  "latest": 681.0015948307998
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "059X",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Year not recorded precisely.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0680~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Reports differ between about 59 and 62 AH; she lived to be the last surviving wife of the Prophet in some accounts.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "هند بنت أبي أمية بن المغيرة المخزومية"
   },
   {
    "kind": "kunya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "أم سلمة"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "059X",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Year not recorded precisely.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0680~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Reports differ between about 59 and 62 AH; she lived to be the last surviving wife of the Prophet in some accounts.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion",
   "scholar"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0615~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "She and her first husband Abu Salama were early Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0626~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0632"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0615~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "transmitter",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0632~"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية، أرملة من مهاجري الإسلام الأوائل صارت زوجة النبي. يذكرها التراث بذكائها، ومشورتها يوم الحديبية، ومئات الأحاديث المروية عنها."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "كانت هي وزوجها الأول أبو سلمة ممن فروا بدينهم إلى الحبشة في [[event/first-migration-to-abyssinia|الهجرة الأولى إلى الحبشة]] {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. وعادا إلى مكة، فلما أرادا الرحيل إلى المدينة حال أهلها بينها وبين الخروج — وتذكرها السيرة أول امرأة مهاجرة بوليدها — وبعد أن مات أبو سلمة متأثرًا بجراحه من [[event/battle-of-uhud|أُحد]] تزوجها النبي نحو سنة 626م {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nفي [[event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya|الحديبية]] سنة 628م، لما رُدّ المحرمون دون مكة وتردّد الرجال في التحلل، تحكي الرواية أن أم سلمة هي التي أشارت على النبي أن يبدأ بنفسه، فاتبعه الرجال {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nعاشت بالمدينة نحو خمسة عقود بعد النبي، يُسأل في الفقه والعبادة، وفي دواوين السنة عنها مئات الأحاديث {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "أثّرت أخبارها المحفوظة في عمل المسلمين اليومي، وما زال موقفها يوم الحديبية يُذكر في كلام المسلمين عن المشورة والزواج ومن يستشير من."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "حين وقف الجميع حائرين في رحلة، أعطت أم سلمة النبي المشورة التي نفعت. وبقي الناس يسألونها بقية عمرها الطويل."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/umm-salama",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Umm Salama — Hind bint Abi Umayya — was a widow of the early Muslim migrations who became a wife of the Prophet. Tradition remembers her intelligence, her counsel at Hudaybiyya, and the hundreds of hadith narrated on her authority."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "She and her first husband, Abu Salama, were among the early Muslims who fled Meccan persecution to Abyssinia in [[event/first-migration-to-abyssinia]] {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. Back in Mecca, the couple's move to Medina was blocked by her family — the sira remembers her as the first woman to emigrate with her child — and after Abu Salama died of wounds from [[event/battle-of-uhud]], she married the Prophet about 626 {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nAt [[event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya]] in 628, when the pilgrims were turned back short of Mecca and the men hesitated to abandon the pilgrimage rites, tradition tells that it was Umm Salama who advised the Prophet to act first himself — the men followed {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nShe outlived the Prophet by nearly five decades in Medina, answering questions of law and ritual; several hundred hadith stand in her name in the Sunni collections {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "Her preserved reports shaped daily Muslim practice — and her role at Hudaybiyya is still cited when Muslims talk about counsel, marriage and who may advise whom."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "When everyone was stuck and upset on a journey, Umm Salama gave the Prophet the advice that worked. People came to her for answers for the rest of her long life."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/umm-salama",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
  "person/sajah",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
  "person/aisha",
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-salama",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "note": "He died of wounds after Uhud.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0626~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-makhzum",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "As a wife of the Prophet; membership is itself contested and shown under perspectives on the group page."
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "emigrant"
  },
  {
   "to": "event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "advised-the-prophet",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "person/aisha",
  "person/hafsa",
  "place/mecca",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
  "group/early-muslims"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}