{
 "id": "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "urkhan-ibn-uthman",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أورخان بن عثمان"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "السلطان أورخان بن عثمان (حكم ٧٢٦–٧٦١هـ/١٣٢٧–١٣٦٠م)؛ ثاني سلاطين آل عثمان، سار على سياسة والده في الحكم والفتوحات. سقطت في يده نيقوميديا سنة ٧٢٧هـ فأنشأ بها أول جامعة عثمانية وعهد بإدارتها إلى داود القيصري أحد العلماء العثمانيين الذين درسوا في مصر، واهتم ببناء الجيش على أسس عصرية فجعله جيشاً نظامياً. ووضع خطة استراتيجية لمحاصرة القسطنطينية من الغرب والشرق فأرسل ابنه وولي عهده سليمان لعبور مضيق الدردنيل والاستيلاء على مواقع في الجانب الغربي {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 52}.",
  "en": "Sultan Orhan (r. 726–761 AH/1327–1360 CE) — took Nicomedia 727, founded the first Ottoman madrasa there under Dawud al-Qaysari, made the army a regular force, and sent his son Sulayman across the Dardanelles to open the European front {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 52}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/mongol-post-mongol"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1359.9997946569745,
  "latest": 1361.0018686215005
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1360",
   "hijri": "0761",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "أورخان بن عثمان بن أرطغرل"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler",
   "military"
  ],
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1360",
   "hijri": "0761",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الدولة العثمانية لعلي محمد الصلابي (ط1 1421) ص 52",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-salabi-uthmani-batch-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "السلطان أورخان بن عثمان بن أرطغرل حكم من 726 إلى 761هـ (1327–1360م)، وهو ثاني سلاطين آل عثمان. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سياسته",
     "markdown": "يذكر الصلابي أنه سار على سياسة والده [[person/uthman-i-uthmani|عثمان]] في الحكم والفتوحات. وسقطت في يده نيقوميديا سنة 727هـ، فأنشأ بها أول جامعة عثمانية، وعهد بإدارتها إلى داود القيصري. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}\n\nاهتم ببناء الجيش على أسس عصرية فجعله جيشاً نظامياً. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "خطة القسطنطينية",
     "markdown": "وضع خطة لمحاصرة القسطنطينية من الغرب والشرق. فأرسل ابنه وولي عهده سليمان لعبور مضيق الدردنيل والاستيلاء على مواقع في الجانب الغربي. {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "تاريخ الوفاة (1360م) مسجل في البيانات بحالة «رواية متداولة»."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Sultan Orhan ibn Osman ibn Ertugrul, who ruled from 726 to 761 AH (1327–1360 CE), and who was the second sultan of the House of Osman {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "His policy",
     "markdown": "al-Salabi reports that he followed the policy of his father [[person/uthman-i-uthmani|Osman]] in rule and conquest. Nicomedia fell into his hands in the year 727 AH, and he founded there the first Ottoman university, and entrusted its administration to Dawud al-Qaysari {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}.\n\nHe concerned himself with building the army on modern foundations, and made it a regular army {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The plan for Constantinople",
     "markdown": "He devised a plan to besiege Constantinople from the west and the east. He sent his son and heir Suleyman to cross the Dardanelles strait and seize positions on the western side {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The date of death (1360 CE) is recorded in the data with the status of \"commonly transmitted report\"."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-allah-ibn-miqdad-al-aqfahsi",
  "person/ahmadi-taj-al-din-ibrahim-ibn-khidr",
  "person/al-abbi-muhammad",
  "person/al-barzali-abu-al-qasim",
  "person/al-hisni-taqi-al-din-abu-bakr-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/al-isnawi-abd-al-rahim",
  "person/al-sharif-al-jurjani-ali-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/al-tilimsani-al-sharif-muhammad-ibn-ahmad",
  "person/faraj-ibn-qasim-ibn-lubb",
  "person/ibn-al-ahmar-ismail-ibn-yusuf",
  "person/ibn-battuta-muhammad",
  "person/ibn-duqmaq"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/murad-i-uthmani",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-i-uthmani",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-kosovo-791",
  "person/artughrul",
  "person/bayazid-i-yildirim",
  "screen/qiyamat-uthman-2019",
  "person/murad-i-uthmani",
  "person/uthman-i-uthmani"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}