{
 "id": "person/uthman-i-uthmani",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "uthman-i-uthmani",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عثمان بن أرطغرل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عثمان بن أرطغرل (٦٥٦هـ/١٢٥٨م – نحو ٧٢٦هـ/١٣٢٦م)؛ مؤسس الدولة العثمانية، ولد عام سقوط بغداد بيد المغول. لما تنادى أمراء النصارى في بورصة ومادانوس وأدره نوس لمحاربته سنة ٧٠٠هـ/١٣٠١م تقدم بجنوده وشتت الجيوش المتحالفة حتى صارت بسالته مضرب المثل عند العثمانيين. نال رتبة الإمارة من سلطان سلاجقة الروم علاء الدين فسُكت له العملة باسمه ودُعي له في خطبة الجمعة. فتح في سنة ٧٠٧هـ حصون كته ولفكه وآق حصار وقوج حصار، وتوج فتوحاته بفتح مدينة بروسة سنة ٧١٧هـ/١٣١٧م بعد حصار شديد دام سنين، واعتنق قائد حاميتها إقرينوس الإسلام فأعطاه لقب «بك» وصار من قادة الدولة. وانخرطت تحت لوائه جماعات المرابطة على الثغور: غزاة الروم والإخوان وحجاج أرض الروم {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 45-52}.",
  "en": "Osman I (1258–c. 1326 CE) — born the year Baghdad fell, raised to the emirate by the Rum Seljuk Ala al-Din, victor over the Byzantine coalition of 1301, and conqueror of Bursa in 1317 after years of siege {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 45-52}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/mongol-post-mongol"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1258.0018070186247,
  "latest": 1326.9998015017104
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1258",
   "hijri": "0656",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1326~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "توفي نحو ٧٢٦هـ وخلفه ابنه أورخان؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 52}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "عثمان بن أرطغرل"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler",
   "military"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1258",
   "hijri": "0656",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1326~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "توفي نحو ٧٢٦هـ وخلفه ابنه أورخان؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p. 52}."
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الدولة العثمانية لعلي محمد الصلابي (ط1 1421) ص 45-52",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-salabi-uthmani-batch-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "عثمان بن أرطغرل (656هـ/1258م – نحو 726هـ/1326م) مؤسس الدولة العثمانية، وهو ابن [[person/artughrul|أرطغرل]]. ولد عام سقوط بغداد بيد المغول {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإمارة",
     "markdown": "يذكر الصلابي أنه نال رتبة الإمارة من سلطان سلاجقة الروم علاء الدين. فسُكت له العملة باسمه ودُعي له في خطبة الجمعة {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الفتوح",
     "markdown": "لما تنادى أمراء النصارى في بورصة ومادانوس وأدره نوس لمحاربته سنة 700هـ/1301م، شتت جيوشهم المتحالفة. وفتح سنة 707هـ حصون كته ولفكه وآق حصار وقوج حصار. ثم فتح بروسة سنة 717هـ/1317م بعد حصار دام سنين، وأسلم قائد حاميتها إقرينوس فأعطاه لقب «بك» {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}.\n\nانضمت إلى لوائه جماعات المرابطة على الثغور: غزاة الروم والإخوان وحجاج أرض الروم {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}. وخلفه ابنه أورخان {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}.\n\nتاريخ الوفاة تقريبي ومشتق، وتحتاج إلى مصدر ثان."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/uthman-i-uthmani",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Osman ibn Ertugrul (656 AH / 1258 CE – around 726 AH / 1326 CE), founder of the Ottoman state, son of [[person/artughrul|Ertugrul]]. He was born in the year Baghdad fell to the Mongols {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The emirate",
     "markdown": "al-Salabi reports that he received the rank of emir from the sultan of the Seljuks of Rum, Ala' al-Din. Coins were struck in his name, and he was named in the Friday sermon {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The conquests",
     "markdown": "When the lords of the Christians in Bursa, Madanus and Adrenos gathered to fight him in the year 700 AH / 1301 CE, he scattered their allied armies. In the year 707 AH he conquered the fortresses of Kete, Lefke, Aq Hisar and Quwj Hisar. Then he conquered Bursa in the year 717 AH / 1317 CE, after a siege that lasted years, and the commander of its garrison, Eknirinos, submitted and was given the title \"Bey\" {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}.\n\nBands of the frontier guards joined his banner: the raiders of the Romans, the brotherhood, and the pilgrims of the land of Rum {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.45-52}. He was succeeded by his son Orhan {cite:dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi p.52}.\n\nThe date of death is approximate and derived, and needs a second source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/uthman-i-uthmani",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/al-jabari-abu-ishaq-ibrahim-ibn-umar",
  "person/ibn-jama-a-badr-al-din",
  "person/ibn-al-jazari-muhammad-ibn-ibrahim",
  "person/ibn-barri-ali-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/ibn-al-banna-al-marrakushi",
  "person/al-halabi-qutb-al-din-abd-al-karim-ibn-abd-al-nur",
  "person/al-tijibi-al-sabti-abu-al-qasim-ibn-yusuf",
  "person/al-astarabadhi-al-hasan",
  "person/ibn-bakr-muhammad-ibn-yahya",
  "person/ibn-balban-ala-al-din-ali",
  "person/ibn-ajrum-muhammad",
  "person/ibrahim-ibn-yahya-al-ansari-al-mursi"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/artughrul",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "screen/qiyamat-uthman-2019",
   "type": "subject_of",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/murad-i-uthmani",
  "polity/ottoman-empire",
  "person/artughrul",
  "person/urkhan-ibn-uthman",
  "screen/qiyamat-uthman-2019"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}