{
 "id": "person/uways-al-barawi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "uways-al-barawi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أويس البراوي",
  "en": "Uways al-Barawi",
  "ur": "اویس البراوی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الشيخ أويس البراوي (1847-1909)، عالم صومالي يُنسب إليه إحياء الإسلام في شرق أفريقيا في القرن التاسع عشر. وُلد في براوة على ساحل بنادر لمعلّم دين محلي، ودرس العلوم الشرعية والصوفية عند الشيخ الشاشي، ثم رحل نحو سنة 1870 إلى بغداد فأخذ القادرية عن مصطفى بن سلمان الجيلاني وحجّ، وعاد سنة 1883 فصار قائد القادرية في الصومال وأسس فرعها الأويسية المنسوب إليه، وانتشرت دعوته من الصومال وزنجبار إلى كينيا وموزمبيق وشرق الكونغو، وطوّر كتابة الصومالية بالحرف العربي، وكتب قصائد دينية كثيرة. اشتد نزاعه مع الطريقة الصالحية بقيادة محمد عبد الله حسن، فقُتل على أيدي الدراويش سنة 1909 في بيولي.",
  "en": "Sheikh Uways al-Barawi (1847–1909), Somali scholar credited with reviving Islam in 19th-century East Africa. Born at Barawa on the Benadir coast to a local religious teacher, he studied the religious sciences and Sufism under Sheikh al-Shashi, travelled about 1870 to Baghdad, where he took the Qadiriyya from Mustafa b. Salman al-Jilani and made the Hajj, and returned in 1883 to become leader of the Qadiriyya in Somalia and founder of its Uwaysiyya branch, named after him. His mission spread from Somalia and Zanzibar to Kenya, Mozambique and the eastern Congo; he improved the writing of Somali in Arabic script and composed many religious poems. His conflict with the rival Salihiyya of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan intensified until the Dervishes killed him at Biyoole in 1909.",
  "ur": "شیخ اویس البراوی (1847ء–1909ء)، صومالی عالم جنہیں انیسویں صدی میں مشرقی افریقا میں اسلام کی احیائی کوششوں کا سرخیل مانا جاتا ہے۔ بنادر ساحل کے براوہ میں ایک مقامی دینی استاد کے گھر پیدا ہوئے، شیخ الشاشی سے علوم و تصوف پڑھے، تقریباً 1870ء میں بغداد جا کر مصطفی بن سلمان الجیلانی سے سلسلہ قادریہ کی اجازت لی اور حج کیا، اور 1883ء میں واپس آ کر صومالیہ میں قادریہ کے قائد اور اس کی شاخ اویسیہ کے بانی بنے۔ ان کی دعوت صومالیہ و زنجبار سے کینیا، موزمبیق اور مشرقی کانگو تک پھیلی، انہوں نے صومالی کو عربی رسم الخط میں لکھنے کو بہتر بنایا اور بہت سی دینی نظمیں کہیں۔ محمد عبد اللہ حسن کی صالحیہ سے کشمکش بڑھی تو 1909ء میں درویشوں نے انہیں بیولے میں قتل کر دیا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1846.9995277110413,
  "latest": 1909.9987679418152
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1847",
   "hijri": "1263",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Barawa (Brava) on the Benadir coast, in the Geledi Sultanate period, son of the local religious teacher al-Hajj Muhammad b. Bashiir and Fatima b. Bahra, of the Tunni sub-group of the Rahanweyn: the English article, citing Samatar (1992). The article's lead and Samatar's chapter title ('Sheikh Uways Muhammad of Baraawe, 1847–1909') give 1847, while its infobox gives 1846; the lead dating is followed and the difference is stated here. The Hijri year (1263) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1847. Barawa has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1909",
   "hijri": "1327",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Killed in 1909 at Biyoole in Italian Somaliland by the Dervishes of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, after an exchange of takfir and polemical poems between Uways and the Sayyid: the English article and Martin (1969) agree that he was assassinated in 1909 by representatives of the rival Salihiyya brotherhood. No source read gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1327) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1909. Biyoole has no place entity in the museum yet, so no died_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en",
    "source/martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "أويس بن محمد البراوي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Uways b. Muhammad al-Barawi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sheikh Uways al-Qadiri",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "teacher",
   "mystic",
   "poet"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1847",
   "hijri": "1263",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Barawa (Brava) on the Benadir coast, in the Geledi Sultanate period, son of the local religious teacher al-Hajj Muhammad b. Bashiir and Fatima b. Bahra, of the Tunni sub-group of the Rahanweyn: the English article, citing Samatar (1992). The article's lead and Samatar's chapter title ('Sheikh Uways Muhammad of Baraawe, 1847–1909') give 1847, while its infobox gives 1846; the lead dating is followed and the difference is stated here. The Hijri year (1263) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1847. Barawa has no place entity in the museum yet, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1909",
   "hijri": "1327",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Killed in 1909 at Biyoole in Italian Somaliland by the Dervishes of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, after an exchange of takfir and polemical poems between Uways and the Sayyid: the English article and Martin (1969) agree that he was assassinated in 1909 by representatives of the rival Salihiyya brotherhood. No source read gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1327) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1909. Biyoole has no place entity in the museum yet, so no died_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en",
    "source/martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Attested of Uways personally by two independent sources. (1) Martin (1969), a peer-reviewed study devoted to him, describes him as 'an important leader of the Qadiriya brotherhood in southern Somalia, on Zanzibar, and along the East African coast' who 'founded his own branch of Qadiriya, the Uwaysiya'. (2) His English article records that he was introduced to the Qadiriyya by his teacher, studied in Baghdad under the Qadiri Sayyid Mustafa b. Salman al-Jilani and received an ijaza from him, returned to lead the Qadiriyya in Somalia, and that the sub-branch was named Uwaysiyya after him; its infobox gives his creed as 'Qadiriyya, Uwaysiyya'. No sunni segment is recorded: the only attestation of a school for him personally is his article's infobox line giving his jurisprudence as Shafi'i, a single attestation which the two-source rule does not accept, and it is stated here in full rather than recorded as a value.",
    "sources": [
     "source/martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969",
     "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en",
   "source/martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Uways al-Barawi', read in full on 25 October 2026 (resting chiefly on Said Sheikh Samatar, 1992, and Scott Reese, 2001); B. G. Martin, 'Muslim Politics and Resistance to Colonial Rule' (Journal of African History, 1969), catalogue record and abstract read on 25 October 2026. No Wikidata identifier was verified in this run, so none is recorded.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-20"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الشيخ أويس البراوي (1847–1909) عالم صومالي يُنسب إليه إحياء الإسلام في شرق أفريقيا في القرن التاسع عشر، وقائد الطريقة القادرية في جنوب الصومال وزنجبار وساحل شرق أفريقيا ومؤسس فرعها الأويسية المنسوب إليه. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتعليم",
     "markdown": "وُلد أويس في براوة على ساحل بنادر الصومالي زمن سلطنة غلدي، وهو ابن معلّم الدين المحلي الحاج محمد بن بشير وفاطمة بنت بحرة، ومن جماعة توني من الرحنوين. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} نال تعليما ابتدائيا بسيطا في العلوم الشرعية، ثم درس القرآن الكريم وتفسيره والنحو والصرف وأصول الفقه ومبادئ التصوف على الشيخ الشاشي في منطقته. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرحلة إلى بغداد",
     "markdown": "لفت أويس بتقواه انتباه شيخه فعرّفه بعقائد القادرية واصطحبه نحو سنة 1870 إلى بغداد، مولد الطريقة، فدرس عند القادري المعروف السيد مصطفى بن سلمان الجيلاني وقال إنه نال منه إجازة، وحجّ في تلك الرحلة إلى مكة والمدينة، وكان لذلك أثر كبير في مكانته العلمية والروحية. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "العودة والقيادة",
     "markdown": "عاد أويس سنة 1883 إلى بلده ليستقر فيه، ومرّ في طريقه بالحجاز واليمن وأرض الصومال، حيث يتنازع الرواة لقاءه بالشيخ القادري عبد الرحمن الزيلعي حيا قبل وفاته أو زيارته قبره ونيله إجازة رمزية. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} استقر رائدا للقادرية في الصومال، وصارت طريقته فرعا باسم الأويسية، وبدأ أعمال الدعوة في شرق أفريقيا كلها، فأثار ذلك منافسة الطريقتين الأحمدية والصالحية. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} أسس في الداخل بلدة «بلد الأمين» التي ازدهرت بلدة زراعية يقصدها البدو والمزارعون، وكانت علاقته بسلاطين زنجبار وثيقة حتى إن اثنين منهم صارا من خلفائه. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الشعر والكتابة",
     "markdown": "نظم أويس قصائد دينية كثيرة جُمعت في «مجموعة قصائد في مدح سيد الأنبياء»، وطوّر كتابة الصومالية بالحرف العربي فطبّقها على لهجة ماي في جنوب الصومال متأثرا بكتابة أهل براوة للسواحلية. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} امتد أثره من جزر زنجبار إلى شرق الكونغو غربا وإلى تنجانيقا جنوبا، وسهّلت الطريقة القادرية التي قادها انتشار الإسلام في الساحل وداخل تنجانيقا وشرق الكونغو في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين. {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النزاع مع الصالحية ووفاته",
     "markdown": "اشتدت المنافسة بين الأويسية والصالحية بقيادة محمد عبد الله حسن حتى تبادل الطرفان قصائد حادة وتكفيرا، وقُتل أويس على أيدي الدراويش سنة 1909 في بيولي، وقُتل معه تلاميذه إلا واحدا حمل إرث الأويسية بعده. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذهبه وطريقته",
     "markdown": "يصف مارتن (1969) أويس بأنه قائد مهم للطريقة القادرية ومؤسس فرعها الأويسية، وتذكر مقالته أخذه القادرية في بغداد وإجازته وقيادته لها في الصومال، ولذلك تُسجل خانة إيمانه «صوفي» بتوثيق من هذين المصدرين المستقلين عن شخصه. {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969} {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} أما ذكر صندوق معلومات مقالته أنه شافعي الفقه فهو شهادة وحيدة، فلم يُسجل مذهب فقهي في بياناته وبُيّن ذلك في ملاحظة خانة الإيمان."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- المصادر المعرّفة المستشهد بها أعلاه، وهي مسجلة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/uways-al-barawi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Sheikh Uways al-Barawi (1847–1909) was a Somali scholar credited with reviving Islam in 19th-century East Africa, a leader of the Qadiriyya brotherhood in southern Somalia, on Zanzibar and along the East African coast, and the founder of its Uwaysiyya branch. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and education",
     "markdown": "Uways was born at Barawa on the Benadir coast of Somalia in the Geledi Sultanate period, the son of a local religious teacher, al-Hajj Muhammad b. Bashiir, and Fatima b. Bahra, and was of the Tunni sub-group of the Rahanweyn. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} He obtained a simple elementary education in the basic theological sciences, and studied Qur'an, exegesis, syntax and grammar, legal principles and basic Sufism under Sheikh al-Shashi in his own vicinity. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The journey to Baghdad",
     "markdown": "His devotion caught his teacher's attention, who introduced him to the Qadiriyya doctrines and, about 1870, took him to Baghdad, the birthplace of the tariqa. He studied with the well-known Qadiri Sayyid Mustafa b. Salman al-Jilani and later claimed to have received an ijaza from him, and he also made the Hajj to Mecca and Medina during this period, a journey that greatly raised his spiritual standing and religious credibility. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Return and leadership",
     "markdown": "In 1883 Uways returned home to settle for good. On the way he passed through the Hejaz, Yemen and Somaliland, where oral tradition and modern scholarship differ over whether he met the renowned Qadiri Shaykh Abd al-Rahman al-Zayla'i before his death and received full charge of the Qadiriyya, or merely visited al-Zayla'i's tomb and received a symbolic ijaza. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} He was elevated as leader of the Qadiriyya in Somalia, which later became a sub-branch named after him, the Uwaysiyya, and began missionary work throughout East Africa, a prominence that drew the envy of the rival Ahmadiyya and Salihiyya brotherhoods. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} He founded the inland agricultural town of Beled al-Amin, to which nomads and farmers flocked, and his relations with the Sultans of Zanzibar were so close that two of them became his khalifas. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Poetry and writing",
     "markdown": "Uways composed numerous religious poems, collected in the Majumu'a Qasa'id fi Madh Sayyid al-Anbiya, and he improved the wadaad writing of Somali in Arabic script, applying it to the Maay dialect of southern Somalia on the model of the Bravanese Swahili transcription. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} His influence ran from the islands around Zanzibar west to the eastern Congo and south to Tanganyika, and the Uwaysiyya was responsible for large-scale conversions to Islam on the coast, in inner Tanganyika and on the eastern fringes of the Congo at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Conflict with the Salihiyya and death",
     "markdown": "The rivalry between the Uwaysiyya and the Salihiyya of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan sharpened into an exchange of polemical poems and mutual accusations of apostasy, and in 1909 the Dervishes killed Uways at Biyoole, together with all but one of his disciples, who carried the Uwaysiyya legacy on. {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His path",
     "markdown": "Martin (1969) describes Uways as an important leader of the Qadiriyya who founded his own branch, the Uwaysiyya, and his article records his Qadiri training in Baghdad, his ijaza and his leadership of the order in Somalia; his faith is therefore recorded as documented sufi on those two independent sources, about the man personally. {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969} {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} His article's infobox line giving his jurisprudence as Shafi'i is a single attestation, so no legal school is recorded for him in the data, as his faith note states."
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- The defined sources cited above, registered in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/uways-al-barawi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "شیخ اویس البراوی (1847ء–1909ء) صومالی عالم تھے جنہیں انیسویں صدی میں مشرقی افریقا میں اسلام کی احیائی کوششوں کا سرخیل مانا جاتا ہے، وہ جنوبی صومالیہ، زنجبار اور مشرقی افریقی ساحل پر سلسلہ قادریہ کے قائد اور اس کی شاخ اویسیہ کے بانی تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زندگی اور کارنامے",
     "markdown": "وہ بنادر ساحل کے براوہ میں ایک مقامی دینی استاد کے گھر پیدا ہوئے، شیخ الشاشی سے قرآن، تفسیر، نحو، اصول فقہ اور تصوف کے مبادی پڑھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} تقریباً 1870ء میں استاد کے ساتھ بغداد گئے، سید مصطفی بن سلمان الجیلانی سے قادریہ کی تعلیم و اجازت لی اور حج کیا، اور 1883ء میں واپس آ کر صومالیہ میں قادریہ کے قائد بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} انہوں نے اندرون ملک بلد الامین نامی زرعی بستی بسائی، زنجبار کے سلاطین سے قریبی تعلق رکھا، دینی نظمیں کہیں اور صومالی کو عربی رسم الخط میں لکھنے کو بہتر بنایا، اور ان کی دعوت کینیا، موزمبیق، تنزانیہ اور مشرقی کانگو تک پھیلی۔ {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "محمد عبد اللہ حسن کی صالحیہ سے کشمکش نظموں کے تبادلے اور باہمی تکفیر تک بڑھی، اور 1909ء میں درویشوں نے بیولے میں انہیں شہید کر دیا، ان کے شاگردوں میں سے صرف ایک بچا جس نے اویسیہ کی روایت آگے بڑھائی۔ {cite:wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en} مارٹن (1969ء) اور ان کا مضمون دونوں ذاتی طور پر ان کی قادری قیادت کی شہادت دیتے ہیں، اسی لیے ان کا ایمان «صوفی» بتوثیق درج ہے، جبکہ صندوق اطلاعات کی اکیلی «شافعی» شہادت پر کوئی فقہی قدر درج نہیں کی گئی۔ {cite:martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مستشہد شدہ معرّف ذرائع، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/uways-al-barawi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-razzaq-al-bitar",
  "person/ahmad-urabi",
  "person/ahmed-midhat",
  "person/akbar-allahabadi",
  "person/ali-hajji-of-akusha",
  "person/alpha-yaya-diallo",
  "person/altaf-hussain-hali",
  "person/deli-fuad-pasha",
  "person/emily-ruete",
  "person/gasan-alkadari",
  "person/hasan-rami-pasha",
  "person/huseyn-efendi-qayibov"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/baghdad",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/qadiriyya",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-uways-al-barawi-en",
    "source/martin-qadiriyya-east-africa-1969"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/kunta-haji-kishiev",
  "building/al-madrasa-al-nizamiyya-baghdad",
  "building/bayt-al-hikma",
  "building/bimaristan-adudi",
  "building/bimaristan-al-muqtadiri",
  "building/bimaristan-al-sayyida",
  "building/dar-al-ilm-baghdad",
  "building/jami-al-qatia"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}