{
 "id": "person/zayd-ibn-haritha",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "zayd-ibn-haritha",
 "label": {
  "en": "Zayd ibn Haritha",
  "ar": "زيد بن حارثة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A freedman of the Prophet, once adopted by him, who became one of the earliest Muslims and commanded the expedition to Mu'ta, where he was killed; the only Companion named in the Qur'an.",
  "ar": "مولى النبي وقد تبنّاه يومًا، فكان من أوائل المسلمين، وقاد غزوة مؤتة التي قُتل فيها، وهو الصحابي الوحيد المذكور اسمه في القرآن."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "slavery-and-freedom",
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "battles"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 580.0002053430255,
  "latest": 629.747975659975
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "058X",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Year unknown; a young man when he came into the Prophet's household.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0629-09",
   "hijri": "0008-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at Mu'ta in Jumada I 8 AH (about September 629 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "زيد بن حارثة الكلبي"
   },
   {
    "kind": "alternate",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Zayd ibn Muhammad (before reversion to his father's name)"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "058X",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Year unknown; a young man when he came into the Prophet's household.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0629-09",
   "hijri": "0008-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at Mu'ta in Jumada I 8 AH (about September 629 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0610~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Among the earliest believers, traditionally counted after Khadija, Ali and Abu Bakr.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0610~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0629-09"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0627~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Adopted as 'Zayd ibn Muhammad' before the practice of such adoption was ended; he is remembered as the Prophet's freedman.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "commander",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0629-09"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0629-09"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Appointed commander of the Mu'ta expedition.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "martyr",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0629-09"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/lings-1983"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "زيد بن حارثة مولى النبي، تبنّاه حينًا، ومن السابقين إلى الإسلام. وهو الصحابي الوحيد المسمّى في القرآن، وقُتل قائدًا في بعثة مؤتة سنة 629م."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "سُبي في طفولته في غارة قبيلة فبيع بمكة، فأُهدي إلى [[person/muhammad|محمد]] في بيت [[person/khadija|خديجة]]. ولما اهتدى أبوه إليه وجاء يأخذه، تحكي الرواية أن زيدًا اختار البقاء، فأعتقه النبي وتبنّاه على رؤوس الناس حتى سُمّي زيد بن محمد {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nكان من أول المؤمنين، وتزوج وطلّق وبقي في أقرب حلقات النبي؛ وذكر القرآنُ «زيدًا» — الوحيد بين الصحابة — في سياق انتهاء ذلك التبني {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. وفي [[event/battle-of-mutah|مؤتة]] في سبتمبر سنة 629م أُمرّه النبي أول القيادة فقُتل، وتلاه في الأمر [[person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib|جعفر بن أبي طالب]] ثم عبد الله بن رواحة {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "حياته تلمس موضوعات كبرى: الرق والحرية، والأسرة المختارة، وكيف غيّرت الجماعة الأولى عاداتها. ويحفظه التراث ببساطة: «حِبّ رسول الله» وعَتيقه."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كان زيد عبدًا أعتقه النبي ثم أحبه كابن. استطاع أن يعود إلى أهله فاختار أسرته الجديدة — واسمه في القرآن."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/zayd-ibn-haritha",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Zayd ibn Haritha was a freedman of the Prophet, once adopted by him, and one of the earliest Muslims. He is the only Companion named in the Qur'an, and he died commanding the expedition to Mu'ta in 629 CE."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Captive in a tribal raid as a boy, Zayd was sold in Mecca and given to [[person/muhammad]] in the household of [[person/khadija]]. When his own father traced him and came to take him home, tradition tells that Zayd chose to stay — whereupon the Prophet freed him and adopted him publicly, so that he was called Zayd ibn Muhammad {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nAmong the earliest believers, he married, divorced, and remained in the Prophet's closest circle; the Qur'an's reference to \"Zayd\" (33:37) — the only Companion named — is bound up with the ending of that adoption {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. At [[event/battle-of-mutah]] in September 629 he held the army's first command and was killed, followed in command by [[person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib]] and Abd Allah ibn Rawaha {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "His life touches big themes: slavery and freedom, chosen family, and how the early community changed its own customs. The tradition remembers him simply: \"the beloved freedman.\""
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Zayd was a slave whom the Prophet set free, then loved like a son. He could have gone home, but he chose his new family — and his name is in the Qur'an."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/zayd-ibn-haritha",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/al-aswad-al-ansi",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/heraclius",
  "person/hind-bint-utba",
  "person/malik-ibn-awf"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mutah",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-mutah",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "commander-killed",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-33-37",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The only Companion named in the Qur'an; the verse addresses his situation directly.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أول يوم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
  "person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "group/quraysh"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}