{
 "id": "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "zaynab-bint-muhammad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "زينب بنت محمد",
  "en": "Zaynab bint Muhammad"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أكبر بنات النبي وأول من تزوج منهن؛ زوجها أبو العاص بن الربيع، وأجارته في المدينة، وأعادها النبي إليه بعد إسلامه، وتوفيت في أول سنة 8هـ.",
  "en": "The Prophet's eldest daughter, married to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi; she gave him protection in Medina, the Prophet returned her to him after he embraced Islam, and she died at the start of 8 AH."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 629.0005270470988,
  "latest": 629.999863104618
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "توفيت في أول سنة ثمان من الهجرة (عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن حزم، كما في الإصابة).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "زينب بنت محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب القرشية الهاشمية"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "توفيت في أول سنة ثمان من الهجرة (عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن حزم، كما في الإصابة).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "مذكورة في الإصابة ترجمة رقم 11302 (ص 1887).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "ذُكرت في كتب الصحابة؛ تُسجَّل ضمن الإطار السني للمتحف (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة، ترجمة 11302، ص 1887 (تراجم النساء)",
   "generated_by": "Claude (maintainer session)",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "isaba-women-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; read from al-Isaba (column-aware OCR, page 1887, entry 11302)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "[[person/zaynab-bint-muhammad|زينب]] أكبر بنات [[person/muhammad|النبي]] وأول من تزوج منهن؛ وُلدت قبل البعثة بمدة قيل إنها عشر سنين {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}. تزوجها ابن خالتها [[person/abu-al-as-ibn-al-rabi|أبو العاص بن الربيع]]، وأمه هالة بنت خويلد {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الهجرة وإقامة زوجها على دينه",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن سعد بسند صحيح عن الشعبي أن زينب هاجرت مع أبيها وأبى زوجها أن يسلم، ولم يفرّق النبي بينهما {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أبو العاص يوم بدر",
     "markdown": "يروي الواقدي عن عائشة أن أبا العاص شهد بدراً مع المشركين فأُسر، فجاء أخوه عمرو في فدائه، وأرسلت معه زينب قلادة كانت [[person/khadija|خديجة]] قد أدخلتها بها على أبي العاص. فلما رآها النبي عرفها ورقّ لها وذكر خديجة، وكلّم الناس فأطلقوه ورد القلادة، وأخذ عليه أن يترك لها السبيل {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}. ويقول الواقدي: «هذا أثبت عندنا» {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإجارة",
     "markdown": "ينقل ابن إسحاق عن يزيد بن رومان أن النبي صلى الصبح فنادت زينب: «إني أجرت أبا العاص بن الربيع». فقال النبي بعد الانصراف: «هل سمعتم ما سمعت؟»، ثم قال إنه لم يعلم شيئاً حتى سمع، وإنه «يجير على المسلمين أدناهم» {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}.\n\nوفي رواية الواقدي أن أبا العاص خرج في قافلة لقريش فبعث النبي [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|زيد بن حارثة]] في مئة وسبعين راكباً، فلقوا العير عند العيص في جمادى الأولى سنة 6هـ وأسروا ناساً منهم أبو العاص، فدخل على زينب فأجارته. ثم أدّى الحقوق لأهلها في مكة ورجع، فأسلم في المحرم سنة 7هـ، فردّ النبي زينب إليه بالنكاح الأول {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما اختُلف فيه",
     "markdown": "- هل وُلد القاسم قبل زينب أو بعدها: اختُلف في ذلك {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}.\n- رواية الشعبي في إجارتها له وإسلامه: يوردها ابن حجر في ترجمة أبي العاص، ويحكم بأن سندها إلى الشعبي صحيح لكنها مرسلة شاذة، خالفها ما هو أثبت منها في مغازي ابن إسحاق {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1715}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاتها وأولادها",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن حجر عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن حزم أن زينب توفيت في أول سنة 8هـ {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}. وأخرج مسلم عن أم عطية أن النبي قال حين ماتت زينب: «اغسلنها وتراً ثلاثاً أو خمساً» {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}. وولدت من أبي العاص علياً، وقد مات وقد قارب الاحتلام في حياة النبي، وأمامة التي عاشت حتى تزوجها [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علي]] بعد فاطمة {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1887}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "[[person/zaynab-bint-muhammad|Zaynab]], eldest of [[person/muhammad|the Prophet]]'s daughters and the first of them to marry; she was born before the mission by a span said to be ten years {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}. Her cousin [[person/abu-al-as-ibn-al-rabi|Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi']] married her — his mother Hala bint Khuwaylid {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The hijra and her husband staying on his religion",
     "markdown": "Ibn Sa'd relates with a sound chain from al-Sha'bi that Zaynab emigrated with her father while her husband refused to become Muslim, and the Prophet did not part them {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Abu al-As on the day of Badr",
     "markdown": "Al-Waqidi relates from A'isha that Abu al-As witnessed Badr with the polytheists and was taken captive; his brother Amr came for his ransom, and Zaynab sent with him a necklace that [[person/khadija|Khadija]] had given her when she entered on Abu al-As. When the Prophet saw it he knew it, softened, remembered Khadija, spoke to the people, and they released him and returned the necklace — taking from him a pledge to let her go free {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}. Al-Waqidi says: \"this is the firmest version with us\" {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The protection",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq transmits from Yazid ibn Ruman that the Prophet prayed the morning prayer and Zaynab called out: \"I have given protection to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'\". After turning away, the Prophet said: \"did you hear what I heard?\" — then said he had known nothing until he heard it, and \"the lowliest Muslim's protection binds the Muslims\" {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}.\n\nIn al-Waqidi's account, Abu al-As went out in a Quraysh caravan; the Prophet sent [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|Zayd ibn Haritha]] in a hundred seventy riders, they met the caravan at al-Is in Jumada al-Ula of year 6 AH and captured men including Abu al-As. He entered on Zaynab and she gave him protection. Then he delivered the trusts to their owners in Mecca and returned, became Muslim in al-Muharram of year 7 AH, and the Prophet restored Zaynab to him by the first marriage {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is disputed",
     "markdown": "- Whether al-Qasim was born before or after Zaynab — it is disputed {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}.\n- Al-Sha'bi's account of her protecting him and his Islam: Ibn Hajar gives it in Abu al-As's entry, ruling its chain to al-Sha'bi sound but the account mursal and anomalous — it is contradicted by what is firmer in Ibn Ishaq's maghazi {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1715}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Her death and children",
     "markdown": "Ibn Hajar mentions from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm that Zaynab died at the start of year 8 AH {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}. Muslim narrates from Umm Atiyya that when Zaynab died the Prophet said: \"wash her an odd number of times, three or five\" {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}. She bore Abu al-As Ali — who died near puberty in the Prophet's lifetime — and Umama, who lived until [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|Ali]] married her after Fatima {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p. 1887}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 16,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/aisha",
  "person/al-aswad-al-ansi"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umama-bint-abi-al-as",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-al-as-ibn-al-rabi",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fatima",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/fatima",
  "person/khadija",
  "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad",
  "person/umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad",
  "group/banu-hashim",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "place/mecca"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}