{
 "id": "place/irbil",
 "class": "place",
 "slug": "irbil",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أربل",
  "en": "Arbil (Erbil)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مدينة الجزيرة على سفح جبل مقلوب، تحيط بها قلعة عالية على أكمة؛ كانت دار مملكة بني بكتكين في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين وأشهر ملوكها مظفر الدين كوكبوري، وأخذها التتار بالسيف سنة أربع وثلاثين وستمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 162}.",
  "en": "The Jaziran city beneath Mount Maqlub, crowned by its citadel — seat of the Begteginid kingdom in the sixth and seventh centuries AH, most famously under Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi; the Tatars took it by the sword in 634 {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 162}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "coordinates": [
  44.01,
  36.19
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "city",
  "coordinates": [
   44.01,
   36.19
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/shadharat-dhahab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); coordinates approximate (modern Erbil citadel)"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "شذرات الذهب — ابن العماد (ج5، سنة 634)، قراءة آبل فيجن",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-shadharat-batch-125"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نظرة عامة",
     "markdown": "مدينة الجزيرة على سفح جبل مقلوب، تحيط بها قلعة عالية على أكمة؛ كانت دار مملكة بني بكتكين في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين وأشهر ملوكها مظفر الدين كوكبوري، وأخذها التتار بالسيف سنة أربع وثلاثين وستمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 162}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/irbil",
    "lang": "ar"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "A Jaziran city on the flank of an overturned mountain, girdled by a high citadel on a hillock; it was the seat of the Bektakinid kingdom in the sixth and seventh hijri centuries — its most famous king Muzaffar al-Din Kukburi — and the Tatars took it by the sword in 634 AH {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 162}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/irbil",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "ai"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "جائزہ",
     "markdown": "جزیرہ کا شہر ایک الٹے پہاڑ کی چوٹی پر، جس کے گرد پہاڑی کی چوٹی پر ایک اونچا قلعہ ہے؛ یہ چھٹی اور ساتویں ہجری صدیوں میں بنو بکتکین کی سلطنت کا مرکز تھا — اس کا سب سے مشہور بادشاہ مظفر الدین کوکبوری — اور تاتاروں نے 634ھ میں اسے تلوار سے لیا {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 162}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/irbil",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "ai"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-18",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/al-hajari-isa",
   "type": "death_place_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/shadharat-dhahab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fakhr-al-din-al-irbili",
   "type": "death_place_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/shadharat-dhahab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/death-zayn-al-din-irbil-588",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/mongols-erbil-daquq-628",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/tatars-sack-irbil-634",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/shadharat-dhahab"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "group/mongols",
  "person/muzaffar-al-din-kokburi",
  "person/zayn-al-din-yusuf-irbil",
  "polity/mongol-empire",
  "event/death-zayn-al-din-irbil-588",
  "event/mongols-erbil-daquq-628",
  "event/tatars-sack-irbil-634",
  "person/al-hajari-isa"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}