{
 "id": "place/srinagar",
 "class": "place",
 "slug": "srinagar",
 "label": {
  "ar": "سرينغار",
  "en": "Srinagar",
  "ur": "سری نگر"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "قلب وادي كشمير على بحيرة دال، بنى حولها أباطرة المغول بساتينهم، وأقام أكبر فوقها قلعة هري پربت {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.141}.",
  "en": "The heart of the Vale of Kashmir on Lake Dal, round which the Mughal emperors built their gardens, overlooked by Akbar's fortress of Hari Parbat {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.141}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "cities",
  "architecture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "city",
  "sources": [
   "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Brookes 1987, printed pp. 136-147",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
   "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
   "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "سرينغار قلب وادي كشمير الخصيب بحقول الزعفران، على بحيرة دال التي بنى حولها أباطرة المغول بساتينهم، حتى بلغت في عهد [[person/jahangir-mughal|جهانگير]] سبعمئة بستان كما يذكر [[person/john-brookes|بروكس]]. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المغول وكشمير",
     "markdown": "زار [[person/jalal-al-din-akbar|أكبر]] كشمير أول مرة سنة 1586م بعد فتحها، وكان يسميها بستانه الخاص، وأول ما بناه فيها قلعة هري پربت المشرفة على البحيرة، ثم قصر نسيم باغ ذو البستان. ثم أحبها جهانگير و[[person/nur-jahan|نورجهان]] فكانا يقضيان فيها الصيف، وتتابعت البساتين في عهدهما. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.135} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.139}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بساتين البحيرة",
     "markdown": "على البحيرة وسفوحها [[building/shalimar-bagh-srinagar|شاليمار باغ]] و[[building/nishat-bagh|نشاط باغ]] و[[building/chashma-shahi|جشمه شاهي]] و[[building/pari-mahal-srinagar|بري محل]]، وفي الوادي بعيداً عنها [[building/verinag-garden|ويريناغ]] و[[building/achabal-garden|أچهبل]]. وكان الأباطرة يأتون بساتين البحيرة بالقوارب، وما تزال فيها تقاليد البساتين العائمة. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.141} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.147}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/srinagar",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987, pp. 136-147"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Srinagar is the heart of the Vale of Kashmir with its saffron fields, on Lake Dal, round which the Mughal emperors built their gardens; under [[person/jahangir-mughal|Jahangir]] there were, [[person/john-brookes|Brookes]] writes, no fewer than seven hundred. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Mughals and Kashmir",
     "markdown": "[[person/jalal-al-din-akbar|Akbar]] first visited Kashmir in 1586 after its conquest and called it his private garden; his first building there was the fortress of Hari Parbat over the lake, followed by the garden palace of Nasim Bagh. Jahangir and [[person/nur-jahan|Nur Jahan]] loved it in turn, spending whole summers there, and the gardens multiplied in their time. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.135} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.139}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The lake gardens",
     "markdown": "On the lake and its slopes lie the [[building/shalimar-bagh-srinagar|Shalimar Bagh]], the [[building/nishat-bagh|Nishat Bagh]], the [[building/chashma-shahi|Chashma Shahi]] and the [[building/pari-mahal-srinagar|Pari Mahal]]; further off in the valley are [[building/verinag-garden|Verinag]] and [[building/achabal-garden|Achabal]]. The emperors reached the lake gardens by boat, and the tradition of floating gardens survives there. {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.141} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.147}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/srinagar",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H), translation"
    ],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987, pp. 136-147"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سری نگر زعفران کے کھیتوں والی وادیِ کشمیر کا دل ہے، ڈل جھیل کے کنارے، جس کے گرد مغل بادشاہوں نے اپنے باغ بنائے؛ [[person/john-brookes|بروکس]] کے مطابق [[person/jahangir-mughal|جہانگیر]] کے عہد میں ان کی تعداد سات سو سے کم نہ تھی۔ {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مغل اور کشمیر",
     "markdown": "[[person/jalal-al-din-akbar|اکبر]] فتح کے بعد 1586ء میں پہلی بار کشمیر گیا اور اسے اپنا نجی باغ کہتا تھا؛ یہاں اس کی پہلی تعمیر جھیل پر حاوی ہری پربت کا قلعہ تھی، پھر نسیم باغ کا باغ محل۔ پھر جہانگیر اور [[person/nur-jahan|نورجہاں]] کو اس سے محبت ہوئی، وہ پوری گرمیاں یہاں گزارتے، اور ان کے عہد میں باغ بڑھتے گئے۔ {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.135} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.139}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جھیل کے باغ",
     "markdown": "جھیل اور اس کی ڈھلوانوں پر [[building/shalimar-bagh-srinagar|شالامار باغ]]، [[building/nishat-bagh|نشاط باغ]]، [[building/chashma-shahi|چشمہ شاہی]] اور [[building/pari-mahal-srinagar|پری محل]] ہیں؛ وادی میں دور [[building/verinag-garden|ویری ناگ]] اور [[building/achabal-garden|اچھبل]] ہیں۔ بادشاہ کشتیوں سے جھیل کے باغوں میں آتے تھے، اور تیرتے باغوں کی روایت وہاں اب بھی باقی ہے۔ {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.136} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.141} {cite:brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987 p.147}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/srinagar",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H), translation"
    ],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987, pp. 136-147"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-04",
 "connections": [
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   "to": "building/chashma-shahi",
   "type": "contains",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/nishat-bagh",
   "type": "contains",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/pari-mahal-srinagar",
   "type": "contains",
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   "sources": [
    "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987"
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   "sources": [
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  },
  {
   "to": "concept/chadar",
   "type": "has_practice",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/brookes-gardens-of-paradise-1987"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/chaharbagh",
  "work/gardens-of-paradise",
  "building/chashma-shahi",
  "building/nishat-bagh",
  "building/pari-mahal-srinagar",
  "building/shalimar-bagh-srinagar",
  "concept/chadar",
  "event/konya-masud-capital-512"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}