{
 "id": "place/tunis",
 "class": "place",
 "slug": "tunis",
 "label": {
  "ar": "تونس",
  "en": "Tunis"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عاصمة تونس، مر بها ابن بطوطة في طريقه من المغرب إلى المشرق. ذكر الكتاب أن حسان بن النعمان اختطّها سنة 82هـ قاعدة بحرية تحول دون تكرار هجمات البيزنطيين على قرطاجة، وأنه حفر قناة تصلها بالبحر، وأن عبد الملك أرسل إليها من مصر ألفي قبطي من مهرة الصناع لإقامة صناعة المراكب. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.20-21}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "coordinates": [
  36.81897,
  10.16579
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "city",
  "coordinates": [
   36.81897,
   10.16579
  ],
  "coordinate_precision": "locality",
  "external_ids": {
   "geonames": "2464470"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/geonames-gazetteer",
   "source/rihla-ibn-battuta-1958",
   "source/salabi-umayyad-state-2020",
   "source/umayyad-birth-to-fall-2006"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code; coordinates from GeoNames (modern settlement of the same name); identification with the classical place to be checked"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "تونس عاصمة تونس اليوم، ومرّ بها ابن بطوطة في طريقه من المغرب إلى المشرق. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.20-21}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأتها",
     "markdown": "ذكر المصدر أن حسان بن النعمان اختطّها سنة 82هـ قاعدة بحرية تحول دون تكرار هجمات البيزنطيين على قرطاجة، وأنه حفر قناة تصلها بالبحر. وذكر أن عبد الملك أرسل إليها من مصر ألفي قبطي من مهرة الصناع لإقامة صناعة المراكب. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.20-21}\n\nالإحداثيات مأخوذة من GeoNames للموقع الحديث، وتطابقه مع المكان القديم يحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/tunis",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Tunis is the capital of Tunisia today. Ibn Battuta passed through it on his journey from the Maghrib to the East. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.20-21}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its founding",
     "markdown": "The source relates that Hassan ibn al-Nu'man founded it in the year 82 AH as a naval base, to prevent repeated Byzantine attacks on Carthage, and that he dug a canal connecting it to the sea. It is mentioned that Abd al-Malik sent to it from Egypt two thousand Coptic craftsmen to establish shipbuilding. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.20-21}\n\nThe coordinates come from GeoNames for the modern site, and matching them to the ancient place needs an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "place/tunis",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/eighth-crusade-tunis-669",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hafsid-independence-627",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/marinid-entry-tunis-748",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/ottoman-recovery-of-tunis-981",
   "type": "site_of",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abu-al-hasan-al-marini",
  "person/abu-zakariya-al-hafsi",
  "person/al-mustansir-hafsi",
  "person/louis-ix",
  "event/eighth-crusade-tunis-669",
  "event/hafsid-independence-627",
  "event/marinid-entry-tunis-748",
  "event/ottoman-recovery-of-tunis-981"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}