{
 "id": "polity/aksumite-kingdom",
 "class": "polity",
 "slug": "aksumite-kingdom",
 "label": {
  "en": "The Aksumite Kingdom (Abyssinia)",
  "ar": "مملكة أكسوم (الحبشة)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The Ethiopian power across the Red Sea which twice occupied Yemen — first 340–378 exploiting Himyarite rivalries, then in 525 under Aryat with Roman ships, in revenge for Dhu Nuwas’s trenches of fire — and whose commander Abraha led the elephant campaign on Mecca.",
  "ar": "قوة الحبشة خلف البحر الأحمر التي احتلت اليمن مرتين: أولى 340–378 مستغلة منافسة همدان وحمير، وثانية 525م بقيادة أرباط بأسطول الروم انتقاماً لأخاديد ذي نواس؛ ومن قوادها أبرهة صاحب حملة الفيل على مكة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "east-africa"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "kingdom",
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/tafhim-al-quran"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 23–34 (batch 25b)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "مملكة أكسوم (الحبشة): قوة أفريقيا النصرانية؛ احتلت اليمن مرتين وكان من ولاتها أبرهة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في عرض السيرة",
     "markdown": "يفرد المباركفوري فصلاً للحكم والإمارة في العرب قبل الإسلام، يقسم فيه حكام الجزيرة إلى ملوك متوجين غير مستقلين (ملوك اليمن وآل غسان وملوك الحيرة) ورؤساء قبائل مستقلين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/aksumite-kingdom",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The kingdom of Axum (Abyssinia): Christian Africa's power; it occupied Yemen twice, and among its governors was Abraha."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the sira presentation",
     "markdown": "Al-Mubarakpuri devotes a chapter to government and rule among the Arabs before Islam, dividing the peninsula's rulers into non-independent crowned kings (Yemen's kings, the Ghassanid house and al-Hira's kings) and independent tribal chiefs {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/aksumite-kingdom",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "القوة المحتلة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abraha",
  "person/aryat",
  "polity/byzantine-empire",
  "event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
  "event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth",
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
  "place/yemen",
  "event/battle-of-dhu-qar"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}