{
 "id": "polity/ghassanid-kingdom",
 "class": "polity",
 "slug": "ghassanid-kingdom",
 "label": {
  "en": "The Ghassanid Kingdom",
  "ar": "مملكة الغساسنة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The Arab client kingdom of Rome in al-Sham: the house of Jafna of the Azd displaced the Salihid Dajaʾima and ruled as Rome’s wardens of the desert frontier until Yarmuk, when their last king Jabala ibn al-Ayham entered Islam in Umar’s reign.",
  "ar": "المملكة العربية التابعة للروم في الشام: آل جفنة من الأزد غلبوا الضجاعمة بني سليح وملكوا وكلاء عن الروم على تخوم البادية حتى وقعة اليرموك، وانقاد للإسلام آخر ملوكهم جبلة بن الأيهم في عهد عمر."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 219.9982888081206,
  "latest": 637.0006913214875
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0220~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0636",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "kingdom",
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0220~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0636",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "capitals": [
   {
    "place": "place/dumat-al-jandal"
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/muhadarat-tarikh-al-umam-al-islamiyya"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 23–34 (batch 25b)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "مملكة الغساسنة: آل جفنة من الأزد وكلاء الروم على عرب الشام، حتى اليرموك وإسلام جبلة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في عرض السيرة",
     "markdown": "يفرد المباركفوري فصلاً للحكم والإمارة في العرب قبل الإسلام، يقسم فيه حكام الجزيرة إلى ملوك متوجين غير مستقلين (ملوك اليمن وآل غسان وملوك الحيرة) ورؤساء قبائل مستقلين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/ghassanid-kingdom",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Ghassanid kingdom: Jafna's house of the Azd, Rome's agents over Syria's Arabs — until Yarmuk and Jabala's Islam."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the sira presentation",
     "markdown": "Al-Mubarakpuri devotes a chapter to government and rule among the Arabs before Islam, dividing the peninsula's rulers into non-independent crowned kings (Yemen's kings, the Ghassanid house and al-Hira's kings) and independent tribal chiefs {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/ghassanid-kingdom",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/jabala-ibn-al-ayham",
   "type": "ruled_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0636"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "group/ghassan",
  "person/jabala-ibn-al-ayham",
  "event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
  "event/battle-of-dhu-qar",
  "event/battle-of-khaybar",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/death-of-abdullah-ibn-ubayy"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}