{
 "id": "polity/tulunid-dynasty",
 "class": "polity",
 "slug": "tulunid-dynasty",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الدولة الطولونية",
  "en": "Tulunid dynasty"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "دولة أحمد بن طولون وبنيه ومواليه بني طغج بمصر والشام؛ دخل أحمد مصر في رمضان سنة 254هـ خليفة عن باكبك فاستقل بها وجمع إليها الشام، وبنى القطائع شرقي الفسطاط، وخلفه ابنه خمارويه فالجيش فهارون حتى فشلت دولتهم وعاث القرامطة بالشام، فبعث المكتفي محمد بن سليمان الكاتب فاسترد الشام ودخل مصر وقيد بني طولون وأحرق القطائع سنة 292هـ فانقرضت دولتهم.",
  "en": "The state of Ahmad ibn Tulun, his sons and his mawali Banu Tughj in Egypt and Syria; Ahmad entered Egypt in Ramadan 254 AH as Bayakbak's deputy, made it independent, joined Syria to it and built al-Qata'i' east of Fustat — succeeded by his sons Khumarawayh, al-Jaysh and Harun until their state failed and the Qarmatians ravaged Syria, whereupon al-Muqtafi sent Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib who retook Syria, entered Egypt, chained the Banu Tulun and burned al-Qata'i' in 292 AH, ending their dynasty."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "egypt-nile",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 868.0006434081467,
  "latest": 906.0000547581085
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0868",
   "hijri": "0254",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "دخول أحمد بن طولون مصر في رمضان سنة 254هـ عند ابن خلدون؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0905",
   "hijri": "0292",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "استيلاء محمد بن سليمان على مصر وإحراق القطائع سنة 292هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "dynasty",
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0868",
   "hijri": "0254",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "دخول أحمد بن طولون مصر في رمضان سنة 254هـ عند ابن خلدون؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0905",
   "hijri": "0292",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "استيلاء محمد بن سليمان على مصر وإحراق القطائع سنة 292هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "ابن خلدون، العبر — الخبر عن دولة أحمد بن طولون بمصر وبنيه ومواليه بني طغج، ص1092-1100 (طبعة هيليوبوليس)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-ibar-east-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Ibn Khaldun al-Ibar via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الدولة الطولونية دولة أحمد بن طولون وبنيه ومواليه بني طغج، بمصر والشام. دخل [[person/ahmad-ibn-tulun|أحمد بن طولون]] مصر في رمضان سنة 254هـ (868م)، وانقرضت الدولة سنة 292هـ (905م). {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التأسيس",
     "markdown": "دخل أحمد مصر خليفةً عن باكبك، فاستقل بها وجمع إليها الشام. وبنى القطائع شرقي الفسطاط. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخلفاء",
     "markdown": "خلف أحمد ابنه خمارويه، ثم الجيش، ثم هارون. فشلت دولتهم بعد ذلك، وعاث القرامطة بالشام. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النهاية",
     "markdown": "بعث المكتفي محمد بن سليمان الكاتب فاسترد الشام ودخل مصر. وقيّد بني طولون وأحرق القطائع سنة 292هـ، فانقرضت دولتهم. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/tulunid-dynasty",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Tulunid state of Ahmad ibn Tulun, his sons and his clients, the Banu Tughj, in Egypt and Syria. [[person/ahmad-ibn-tulun|Ahmad ibn Tulun]] entered Egypt in Ramadan 254 AH (868 CE), and the state died out in 292 AH (905 CE). {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Founding",
     "markdown": "Ahmad entered Egypt as a deputy for Bakbak, then became independent there and added Syria to it. He built the Qata'i' east of Fustat. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The caliphs",
     "markdown": "Ahmad was succeeded by his son Khumarawayh, then al-Jaysh, then Harun. Their state then failed, and the Qaramita spread corruption in Syria. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The end",
     "markdown": "al-Muktafi sent Muhammad ibn Sulayman the secretary, who recovered Syria and entered Egypt. He put the Tulunids in chains and burned the Qata'i' in 292 AH, and their state died out. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar p.1092-1100}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "polity/tulunid-dynasty",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-tulun",
   "type": "founded_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/kundaj-interception-269",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-tulun"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}