{
 "id": "source/al-sadhan-miswak-1999",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "al-sadhan-miswak-1999",
 "label": {
  "ar": "السواك ⁦(عود المضغ)⁩: تراث ثقافي وعلمي (1999)",
  "en": "Miswak (chewing stick): a cultural and scientific heritage (1999)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ملخص مراجعة في مجلة طب الأسنان السعودية عن السواك وأنواع أعواد تنظيف الأسنان واستعمالاتها؛ يذكر أن أعواد المضغ استُخدمت في بابل قبل نحو سبعة آلاف سنة ثم لدى اليونان والرومان والمصريين القدماء والمسلمين.",
  "en": "An abstract of a Saudi Dental Journal review on miswak and chewing sticks; it reports use in Babylonia about 7,000 years ago and later among Greeks, Romans, ancient Egyptians and Muslims."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "Miswak (chewing stick): a cultural and scientific heritage",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1999
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Saudi Dental Journal 11(2), pp. 80–87",
  "URL": "https://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/en/rsadhan/publication/131221",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "King Saud University faculty publication page with bibliographic details and the article abstract; the full article was not accessed. The abstract supports the documented pre-Islamic use of chewing sticks, not a claim that a specific Muslim maker invented them.",
  "open_access": false,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-phase2-screen-2026-11-05",
   "source": "https://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/en/rsadhan/publication/131221"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}