{
 "id": "source/ansari-biruni-physics-1975",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "ansari-biruni-physics-1975",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أنصاري: بحوث البيروني الفيزيائية1975",
  "en": "Ansari: On the Physical Researches of al-Biruni1975",
  "ur": "انصاری: بیرونی کی طبیعی تحقیقات1975"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "دراسة تقارن جداول الكثافات ونقلها؛ قرئت مقاطع198–205، لا كل أعمال البيروني أو المخطوطات.",
  "en": "Study comparing density tables/transmission; selected198–205 read, not all al-Biruni's works or manuscripts.",
  "ur": "کثافت کے جدولوں اور نقل کا تقابل؛ منتخب198–205 پڑھے، بیرونی کی تمام تصانیف یا مخطوطے نہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "On the Physical Researches of Al-Biruni",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Ansari",
    "given": "S. M. Razaullah"
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Indian National Science Academy, Indian Journal of History of Science10(2),198–217",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1975
    ]
   ]
  },
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol10_2_13_SMRAnsari.pdf",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual official20-page PDF retrieved, selected198–205 and notes passages locally English-OCR'd/read; not all heat/light discussion or numerical tables. Author199 says Beirut manuscript and Cheikho communication unavailable to him, so this part relies on Wiedemann; not our own inspection of those originals.200 illustrates flask/retained outlet water.201 distinguishes displaced-water/equal-volume standards and refuses fixed mithqal-to-gram conversion.202 warns copied/derived numerical precision is not independent replication, and metal purity/form complicate modern comparisons.204–205 discusses mineral identification beyond colour. Preliminary study by author's own description; no universal-first or modern-accuracy certificate.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b39",
   "source": "Actual INSA PDF selected English passages, not a search summary or independently read Beirut manuscript; scans/OCR outside git"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}