{
 "id": "source/biruni-tahdid-ali-translation",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "biruni-tahdid-ali-translation",
 "label": {
  "ar": "تحديد نهايات الأماكن — ترجمة جميل علي",
  "en": "The Determination of the Coordinates — Jamil Ali translation",
  "ur": "تحدید نہایات الاماکن — جمیل علی کا ترجمہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ترجمة إنجليزية لكتاب البيروني؛ قرئت مقدمة المترجم وطريقة الجبل والأفق ورواية سنَد بن علي وتجربة نندنة بأرقامها الستينية.",
  "en": "English translation of al-Biruni; translator's preface, mountain/horizon method, Sanad ibn Ali account and sexagesimal Nandana experiment read.",
  "ur": "بیرونی کا انگریزی ترجمہ؛ مترجم کا مقدمہ، پہاڑ و افق کا طریقہ، سند بن علی کی روایت اور نندنہ کے ساٹھ کے نظام والے اعداد پڑھے گئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "primary",
  "type": "book",
  "title": "The Determination of the Coordinates of Positions for the Correction of Distances between Cities",
  "author": [
   {
    "literal": "Abu Rayhan al-Biruni"
   }
  ],
  "edition": "English translation by Jamil Ali",
  "publisher": "American University of Beirut",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "Founder-supplied147-page PDF, SHA256 133911490355988d8b67ad379518cf89a13a70f092f7e9f5520c5483d7fd44dc, is English two-page spreads despite its Arabic filename. Title/publisher/translator visually verified. Translator's preface ix–xii signed February1967, based on Bulgakov's1962 Cairo Arabic edition and Fatih3386; no separately verified publication imprint, so issued omitted. Read printed183–191 and preface;188–189/figures55–56 visually checked against local OCR. Printed185–186 explicitly report Sanad ibn Ali's earlier mountain/dip method, whereas preface xi calls the author's method his own invention. Numbers are sexagesimal and height uses a regional cloth cubit; no verified metre conversion. Centre numbers refer to Cairo Arabic edition pages, not English pagination. Translation/diagram errors are acknowledged in the preface. Neither Arabic manuscript nor complete book independently read; scans/OCR stay outside git.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b28",
   "source": "Actual local primary translation, title/front matter and relevant printed pages, with visual numerical verification; not a search summary",
   "extensions": [
    {
     "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
     "model": "unknown",
     "run": "inventions-p3-b49",
     "source": "Newly read printed241–259 (PDF128–137), visually inspected241–247,254–257. Earlier astronomers/zij methods; spherical proofs, numerical variants, Ghazna architects' thirds/eighteenths and local meridian. Printed245 ratio wording contradicts246 example/247 proof; printed26;22,24 longitude difference conflicts with radius60 sine27;35,14. Disclosed, not silently repaired or assigned to Arabic author; no manuscript collation or modern longitude/accuracy certification."
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}