{
 "id": "source/bressoud-calculus-before-newton-i",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "bressoud-calculus-before-newton-i",
 "label": {
  "ar": "التكامل قبل نيوتن ولايبنتس — بريسود1",
  "en": "Calculus before Newton and Leibniz — Bressoud I",
  "ur": "نیوٹن اور لائبنٹز سے پہلے حسابان — بریسود1"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شرح رياضي لتغير محور الدوران ولحساب ابن الهيثم حجم8/15 بواسطة الأقراص والقوى الرابعة.",
  "en": "Mathematical exposition of the changed rotation axis and Ibn al-Haytham's8/15 volume through disks/fourth powers.",
  "ur": "محور گردش کی تبدیلی اور قرصوں و چوتھی قوت سے8/15 حجم کی ریاضیاتی تشریح۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "Calculus Before Newton and Leibniz: Part I",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Bressoud",
    "given": "David"
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "College Board AP Central, four-page printout carrying2004 copyright and7/8/04 print timestamp; author-uploaded copy",
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://www.academia.edu/88794866/Calculus_Before_Newton_and_Leibniz_Part_I",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual article transcription pp.1–4 read, not AI abstract/FAQs or upload-year metadata. Formulas lost in web transcription checked against actual Katz167–168 images and independent algebra.2 contrasts Archimedes' axial half-cylinder result and Thabit/al-Kuhi precedents with perpendicular rotation;3–4 explain fourth-power slices/8:15. No adoption of unsupported Al-Azhar employment or first-calculus slogan; no original Arabic treatise reading claimed.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b36",
   "source": "Actual four-page AP Central article text, author-uploaded copy; copyright/print date distinguished from publication date"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}