{
 "id": "source/kanjwal-colonizing-kashmir",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "kanjwal-colonizing-kashmir",
 "label": {
  "en": "Hafsa Kanjwal, Colonizing Kashmir (2023)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كتاب حفصة كنجوال «استعمار كشمير: بناء الدولة تحت الاحتلال الهندي» ⁦(مطبعة جامعة ستانفورد، 2023)⁩: تذكر فيه ⁦(ص 205)⁩ أن آزاد كان الأثور بين شاعرَي عصره، وأنه عرّف بنفسه ماركسياً وكانت قصائده تعالج مباشرة موضوعات التغيير الاجتماعي والعدالة.",
  "en": "Hafsa Kanjwal's Stanford University Press monograph on Bakshi-era state-building (2023): at p. 205 she writes that Azad was the more revolutionary of the two Dogra-era poets, that he identified as a Marxist, and that his poetry directly addressed themes of social change and justice."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "title": "Colonizing Kashmir: State-building under Indian Occupation",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Kanjwal",
    "given": "Hafsa"
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2023
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Stanford University Press",
  "URL": "https://archive.org/details/hafsa-kanjwal-colonizing-kashmir-state-building-under-indian-occupation",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "Peer-reviewed university-press monograph, read in the full Internet Archive scan; the Azad passage stands at p. 205 in the 'Jashn-e-Kashmir' chapter, its page confirmed against the book's own index ('Azad, Abdul Ahad, 205, 218'): 'Azad was the more revolutionary of the two; he identified as a Marxist and his poetry directly addressed themes of social change and justice.' A modern scholarly attestation of Azad's Marxist self-identification — a political identity, not a statement about belief in God.",
  "type": "book",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}