{
 "id": "source/leffler-cataract-aspiration-2017",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "leffler-cataract-aspiration-2017",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الشفط في تاريخ الساد — لفلر وزملاؤه",
  "en": "Historical cataract aspiration — Leffler and colleagues",
  "ur": "تاریخی موتیا بند کا انجذاب — لیفلر و رفقا"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مقال تاريخي يميز رواية عمار والشك اللاحق وأدلة فيلادلفيا1815.",
  "en": "Historical article distinguishing Ammar's account,later skepticism and Philadelphia1815 evidence.",
  "ur": "عمار کی روایت،بعد کے شک اور فلاڈیلفیا1815 کی شہادت الگ کرنے والا تاریخی مقالہ۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "Aspiration of cataract in1815 in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Leffler",
    "given": "Christopher T."
   },
   {
    "family": "Letocha",
    "given": "Charles E."
   },
   {
    "family": "Pierson",
    "given": "Kasey"
   },
   {
    "family": "Schwartz",
    "given": "Stephen G."
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2017,
     12,
     30
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Digital Journal of Ophthalmology23(4):95–98",
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5791631/",
  "DOI": "10.5693/djo.01.2017.10.001",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual shared-browser article introduction and later-history/evidence/postscript sections read after direct fetch cookie page. Authors discuss possible antiquity,quote Ammar's claim and modern skepticism;all but one case histories couching. Savage-Smith2000 position known through their quotation,original not independently read.1815 patient/newspaper/instrument evidence not medieval device survivor;1967 phacoemulsification not proof direct Ammar genealogy. Historical discussion only,no procedural instructions extracted.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b69",
   "source": "Actual browser-rendered relevant article sections and authors/date/DOI,not independently read bibliography originals."
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}